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Free Space Propagation Model
Free Space Propagation Model
Free Space Propagation Model
What
The
Wireless
Radio
Modeling
random
and
Propagation Mechanism..
The
easy to generate
Can travel long distances
Can penetrate buildings
May be used for indoor and outdoor
communication
Are omni-directional-can travel in all
directions
Can be narrowly focused at high
frequencies (greater than 100 MHz) using
parabolic antenna (like satellite dishes)
Properties of Radio
Waves
Frequency
dependence
Behave more like light at higher frequencies
Difficult to passing obstacles
More direct path
Absorbed by rain
Behave
Subject
providers
Interference from other users
(same network)
CCI due to frequency reuse
ACI due to Tx/Rx design limitations &
large number users sharing finite BW
Shadowing
Fading
When no clear line-of-sight path exists,
signals are received that are reflections off
obstructions and diffractions around
obstructions
Multipath signals can be received that
interfere with each other
Fixed Wireless Channel random &
unpredictable
must be characterized in a statistical
fashion
field measurements often needed to
characterize radio channel performance
Propagation Models
Propagation
models Focused on
predicting the average received signal
strength at a given distance from the
transmitter.
Signal strength in close spatial proximity
to a particular location.
Propagation models that predict the
mean signal strength for an arbitrary
transmitter receiver [T-R] separation
distance are useful in estimating the
radio coverage are of a transmitter.
Propagation
models that
characterize the rapid
fluctuations of the received signal
strength over very short travel
distances (or) short time duration
are called- Small Scale fading.
The
Pt
- Transmitted Power
Pr - Received Power
Gt
Gr
Antenna Gain
Gain
of an antenna is related to
its effective aperture Ae (i.e)
G = 4Ae/ 2
Ae Physical size of
antenna
The
An
Path loss
The
PL(dB)
When
Friis
=2D2/
Largest physical dimension of
Far-field
df>>D
and df >>
Frirs
The
+20log(d0/d )
The reference d0 for practical system
1m in indoor environments
100m to 1Km in outdoor environments