Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr.

Gknur Cambaz Bke

E-mail address: goknurcambaz@gmail.com
Tel:1396
Office: M3-Z04

About me
B.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU
M.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU
Ph.D.: Materials Science and Engineering
-Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University,
Philadelphia, USA
Chapter 1 -

Course Objectives
Basic principles of chemistry, physics and show
how they apply in describing the behavior of the
solid state
Understand the types of materials
The relationship between electronic structure,
chemical bonding, and crystal structure
The relationships between the structural
elements of materials and their properties
Introducing many electrical, optical and magnetic
phenomena and their applications in todays
technology

Chapter 1 -

Course Material
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering An
Introduction, John Wiley & Sons 2007
Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to Semiconductor
Devices
Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice
Hall 20000-13-025538-6

Chapter 1 -

LECTURES
PLEASE BE ON TIME

Activities:
Present new material
Announce reading and homework
Take quizzes and midterms*
*Make-ups given only for emergencies.
*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.

Chapter 1 - b

OFFICE HOURS
10:00-12:00 Thursday
Contact me for other special arrangements!
Activities:
Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
Discuss lectures, book
Pick up missed handouts
Any materials science related discussions
Chapter 1 - e

COURSE MATERIAL
Required text:
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
W.D. Callister, Jr., 8th edition, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. (2007).
Other useful references:
Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to
Semiconductor Devices
Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices,
Prentice Hall 20000-13-025538-6

Online Material:

Web site : Reference material: http://ece360.cankaya.edu.tr/

Presentations, links, papers, course-work
HW questions
Chapter 1 - f

GRADING
Attendance and participation to in-class
discussions 10%
Homework/Presentations/Project
In-lecture quizzes
Midterm #1
Final

20%

20%

20%

30%

Chapter 1 - g

Introduction
What is materials science?
Why should we know about it?
Materials drive our society

Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Now?
Silicon Age?
Polymer Age?
Nano Age?

Chapter 1 - 8

Four Elements of Materials Science

Material trait in terms of the kind

and magnitude of response to a
specific imposed stimulus.

Arrangement of its
internal components

Chapter 1 -

Structure, Processing, & Properties

Properties depend on structure

ex: hardness vs structure of steel

(d)

Hardness (BHN)

600
500
400

(c)
(a)

(b)
4 m

300
200

30 m

30 m

100
0.01 0.1

30 m

Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)

and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.

1
10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)

Processing can change structure

ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel

Chapter 1 - 10

Concept Map

Chapter 1 -

THE TRASHCAN I: THE CAN

Concept Map
Metal
Inorganic
Crystalline
Synthetic
Metal

Chapter 1 -

THE TRASHCAN II: THE RUST

Concept Map
Non-Metal
Inorganic
Crystalline
Naturally
Occurring
Mineral
Crystalline Ceramic

Chapter 1 -

THE TRASHCAN III: THE LINER

Concept Map
Non-Metal
Organic
Amorphous
Synthetic
Polymer
Polymer

Chapter 1 -

Types of Materials
Metals:
Strong, ductile
High thermal & electrical conductivity
Opaque, reflective.

Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of es

Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
Thermal & electrical insulators
Optically translucent or transparent.

Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) compounds of metallic

& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
Brittle, glassy, elastic
Non-conducting (insulators)

Chapter 1 - 15

ENGINEERED MATERIALS
ALLOYS

COMPOSITES

Chapter 1 -

SEMICONDUCTORS
Solar Cells

OLED
Technology

Chapter 1 -

Nanotechnology
Definition
The art and science of building stuff that does
stuff at the nanometer scale.
R. Smalley, Rice
University
Nobel Prize Winner
Comprised of nanostructures or nanomaterials
that possess at least one dimension that measures
approximately less than 100nm AND exhibit novel
properties.

Chapter 1 -

Size
Comparisons
The diameter of your hair is
approximately 50,000100,000 nanometers
Your finger nail grows 1
nanometer in 1 second
A line of ten hydrogen
atoms lined up side by side
is 1 nanometer long
Chapter 1 -

SOME CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1 -

SOLAR CELLS
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

Improved efficiencies: novel

nanomaterials can harness
more of the suns energy
Lower costs: some novel
nanomaterials can be made
cheaper than alternatives
Flexibility: thin film flexible
polymers can be
manipulated to generate
electricity from the suns
energy

Chapter 1 -

COMPUTING
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

Faster processing speeds:

miniaturization allows more
transistors to be packed on a
computer chip
More memory: nanosized features
on memory chips allow more
information to be stored
Thermal management solutions
for electronics: novel carbonbased nanomaterials carry away
heat generated by sensitive
electronics

Chapter 1 -

CLOTHING
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:

Anti-odor properties: silver

nanoparticles embedded in textiles kill
odor causing bacteria
Stain-resistance: nanofiber coatings
on textiles stop liquids from
penetrating
Moisture control: novel nanomaterials
on fabrics absorb perspiration and
wick it away
UV protection: titanium nanoparticles
embedded in textiles inhibit UV rays
from penetrating through fabric

Chapter 1 -

BATTERIES
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Higher energy storage capacity and
quicker recharge: nanoparticles or
nanotubes on electrodes provide high
surface area and allow more current to
flow
Longer life: nanoparticles on electrodes
prevent electrolytes from degrading so
batteries can be recharged over and
over
A safer alternative: novel nanoenhanced electrodes can be less
flammable, costly and toxic than
conventional electrodes

Chapter 1 -

SPORTING GOODS AND EQUIPMENT

Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Increased strength of
materials: novel carbon
nanofiber or nanotube-based
nanocomposites give the
player a stronger swing
Lighter weight materials:
nanocomposites are typically
lighter weight than their
macroscale counterparts

Chapter 1 -

CARS
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Increased strength of materials:
novel carbon nanofiber or
nanotube nanocomposites are
used in car bumpers, cargo
liners and as step-assists for
vans
Lighter weight materials:
lightweight nanocomposites
mean less fuel is used to make
car go
the
Control
of surface characteristics: nanoscale thin films can
be applied for optical control of glass, water repellency of
windshields and to repair of nicks/scratches

Chapter 1 -

FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Better, more environmentally
friendly adhesives for fast
food containers
Anti-bacterial properties:
Nano silver coatings on
kitchen tools and countertops kill bacteria/microbes

Improved barrier properties for carbonated

beverages or packaged foods: nanocomposites
slow down the flow of gas or water vapor across
the container, increasing shelf life
Chapter 1 -

THE ENVIRONMENT
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Improved ability to capture groundwater
contaminants: nanoparticles with high
surface area are injected into groundwater
to bond with contaminants
Replacements for toxic materials

Chapter 1 -

SOME FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1 -

BODY ARMOR
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

Stronger materials for better protection:

nanocomposites that provide unparalleled
strength and impact resistance
Flexible materials for more form-fitting
wearability: nanoparticle-based materials
that act like liquid armor
Lighter weight materials: nanomaterials
typically weigh less than their macroscale
counterparts
Dynamic control: nanofibers that can be
flexed as necessary to provide CPR to
soldiers or stiffen to furnish additional

Chapter 1 -

DRUG DELIVERY
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

New vehicles for delivery:

nanoparticles such as buckyballs
or other cage-like structures that
carry drugs through the body
Targeted delivery: nano vehicles
that deliver drugs to specific
locations in body
Time release: nanostructured
material that store medicine in
nanosized pockets that release
small amounts of drugs over time

Chapter 1 -

CANCER
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Earlier detection: specialized
nanoparticles that target cancer
cells only these nanoparticles
can be easily imaged to find
small tumors
Improved treatments: infrared
light that shines on the body is
absorbed by the specialized
nanoparticles in the cancer cells
only, leading to an increased
localized temperature that
selectively kills the cancer cells

Chapter 1 -

SENSORS
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:

Higher sensitivity: high surface

area of nanostructures that
allows for easier detection of
chemicals, biological toxins,
radiation, disease, etc.
Miniaturization: nanoscale
fabrication methods that can be
used to make smaller sensors
that can be hidden and
integrated into various objects
Chapter 1 -

NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING

Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
The ability to control atomic
scale phenomena: quantum or
molecular phenomena that can
be used to represent data
Faster processing speeds
Lighter weight and
miniaturized computers
Increased memory
Lower energy consumption

Chapter 1 -

NANOROBOTICS
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Miniaturized fabrication of
complex nanoscale systems:
nanorobots that propel through
the body and detect/ cure
disease or clandestinely enter
enemy territory for a specific
task
Manipulation of tools at very
small scales: nanorobots that
help doctors perform sensitive
surgeries

Chapter 1 -

WATER PURIFICATION
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Easier contamination removal:
filters made of nanofibers that
can remove small contaminants
Improved desalination methods:
nanoparticle or nanotube
membranes that allow only pure
water to pass through
Lower costs
Lower energy use

Chapter 1 -

MORE ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT
APPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Improvements to solar cells
Improvements to batteries
Improvements to fuel cells
Improvements to hydrogen storage
CO emission reduction: nanomaterials that do a
2
better job removing CO2 from power plant exhaust

Stronger, more efficient power transmission cables:

synthesized with nanomaterials
Chapter 1 -