PLANT

STRUCTURE

The "Typical" Plant Body

The Root System
Underground (usually)
Anchor the plant in the soil
Absorb water and nutrients
Conduct water and nutrients
Food Storage

The Shoot System

Above ground (usually)
Elevates the plant above the
soil
Many functions including:
photosynthesis
reproduction & dispersal

food and water conduction

Enh 2013

The Body of seed plant

Enh 2013

KRT-2010

KRT-2010

Plant Structure
A. Classification of Plants
1. Some plants are non-vascular
(=bryophytes)
2. Some plants are seedless, vascular
plants (e.g.,
ferns)
3. Most plants are seed-bearing, vascular
plants
- gymnosperms (no flowers, e.g., conifers)
- angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots
and
monocots)
Enh 2013

Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two

groups: monocots and dicots

Enh 2013

Monocots vs. Dicots

Monocots

Dicots

3's

4's and 5's

Parallel

Net

Scattered

Ring

Habit

Herbaceous

Herbaceous + Woody

Roots

Fibrous

Tap root

Primary only

Primary and Secondary

Grass, Palm, Orchid

Oaks, Roses, Sunflowers

Floral Arrangement :
Leaf Venation :
Vascular bundles

Growth
Examples:

enh 2013

Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of

three; example the tulip and lily (Lilium ).
Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives
(or multiples). Examples of some common dicot flowers
include the geranium, and citrus.

the scattered vascular bundles of the corn stem

the ringed array of vascular bundles in this

dicot stem (Medicago).

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Anatomy Of Monocot
Stems
A cross section of the stem of corn
(Zea mays) showing parenchyma
tissue and scattered vascular
bundles. The large cells in the
vascular bundles are vessels
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Plant stem

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Spermatophytes
Includes flowering or
seed-bearing plants.
The two subdivisions
are.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

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Plant Characteristics
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Identifying Plants
Physical characteristics are used to identify
plants which include.
Life Cycle
Form
Foliage Retention
Plant Parts
Use & Location

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Life Cycle
Annuals

Plants that complete their life

cycle in
one year.

Biennials

Plants that complete their life

cycle
in two
years.

Perennials

Plants that live more than two

years.

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Trees
Growth
Shrubs
Vines

Habits

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Bentuk pertumbuhan
Columnar
Spreading
Weeping

Round
Oval
Pyramidal

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Growth Forms

Spreading

Weeping

Columnar

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Growth Forms

Round

Oval

Pyramidal
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Foliage Retention
Deciduous
Loses leaves during the dormant
season.

Evergreen
Keeps leaves and remains green
year-round.

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