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001 RS Introduction by DR Shahab
001 RS Introduction by DR Shahab
001 RS Introduction by DR Shahab
PHYSIOLOGY
Dr Shahab Shaikh
PhD, MD
College of Medicine
College of Medicine
Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture students should
be able to .
Define Internal & External respiration
Identify functions of Respiratory system
Identify role of different parts of upper
respiratory tract in respiration.
Describe tracheobronchial tree.
Describe alveoli.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
External Respiration:
Major Functional events include:
1.Pulmonary Ventilation
(Breathing)
2.Diffusion of O2 & CO2
between Alveoli & Blood
3.Transport of O2 & CO2
4.Diffusion of O2 & CO2
between Blood & Tissue
cells
. Regulation of Respiration
Respiratory
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Lower
Sys
Respiratory
The Nose
Extent: Anterior nares to Nasopharynx
Linings: Ciliated Mucosa
Sinuses Draining into the Nose:
Frontal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal
The Nose
Functions:
Filters the air of foreign particles like dust,
bacteria, etc.
Warms the air to body temperature
Humidifies the air
Organ of smell (Olfactory receptors located in
the nasal mucosa
Aids in phonation
Pharynx
LARYNX
LOCATION: at the upper end of the trachea, just
below the pharynx
Functions:
Voice production: during expiration, air passing through
the larynx cause the vocal cords to vibrate
Serves as a passageway for air and as the entrance to
the lower respiratory tract
Structure:
TRACHEA
The larynx opens into the trachea or the
windpipe.
The trachea is a tube approximately 12
centimeters in length and 2.5 centimeters
wide.
The trachea is kept open by rings of C shaped
cartilage within its walls.
Similar to the nasal passages, the trachea is
covered with a ciliated mucous membrane.
Usually the cilia move mucus and trapped
foreign matter to the pharynx.
TRACHEA
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
The air passage between
Trachea and Alveoli divides
23 times to form the
Tracheo-Bronchial tree.
The first 16 generations
upto
the
Terminal
Bronchiole
forms
the
Conducting Zone
The 17th to the 23rd
Generations starting with
the Respiratory Bronchiole
form
the
Respiratory
Zone
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
Functions of conducting zone of airways:
TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
Control of Bronchiolar (Airway) Diameter:
Nervous
Sympathetic
2 receptors Dilate
Parasympathetic
Muscarinic receptors Constrict
Humoral
Histamine, acetylcholine Constrict
Adrenergic ( agonists) Dilate
References
Human physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th
edition
Text Book Of Physiology by Guyton & Hall, 11th
edition
Review of Medical Physiology by Ganong, 24th
edition
THANK YOU
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