Professional Documents
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Repair Options For Concrete
Repair Options For Concrete
S A Kristiawan, PhD
sa_kristiawan@uns.ac.id
Load
Bridge
deterioration
Design service life
Time
Corrosion-Damaged
Corrosion caused
by carbonation
Corrosion-Damaged
Pitting corrosion
caused by chloride
penetration
Corrosion-Damaged
Corrosion of
reinforcement
causing cracking
and rust staining
Corrosion-Damaged
Concrete cover
Passivating film
Steel
In alkaline environment (pH > 11.5) ferrous & ferric hydroxide adhere to the steel surface
forming passivating film; The high pH is due to the dissolved ion OH - from calcium
hydroxide into pore solution
H2O
Fe++
Cathode(OH)
O2
Anode
e-
CO2 can react with solid Ca(OH)2, CSH gel, alkali and calcium ions in the pore solution. As a
result of this reactions is a drastic decrease in the alkalinity of pore solution and steel loss
its protection. Hence, corrosion reaction take place.
Passivating film
Cl-
Cl-
Clcover
Concrete
Steel
pit
Corrosion Reaction
H2O
Fe++
Cathode(OH)
O2
Anode
e-
Anode Reaction:
Ferrous hydroxide:
Cathode Reaction:
4e + O2 + H2O (OH)
-
Ferric hydroxide:
-
Damaged Process
Economic Consequences
The cost does not include indirect cost incurred by travelling public
due to bridge closures
When
perform
Feature of
Inspection
1. Initial
Inspection
Upon
completion
2. Routine
Inspection
Every 2 years
3. Damage
Inspection
Trigger by
damage
4. In-Dept
Inspection
Focuses on
certain section
Routine Inspection
Metho
d
Visual
Survey
Data
collected
Rust staining,
cracking,
delamination and
spalling
Interpretati
on
collected
Visual
Survey
Addition
al
Survey
Rust staining,
cracking,
delamination and
spalling
Chloride ion
distribution, concrete
cover, quantity
damaged
on
Ok
Proposed Inspection
Limit of serviceability
Level of damage
load
Corrosion level
Limit of chloride at the
surface of reinforcement
Limit of corrosion
causing structural failure
time
Position of
reinforcement
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Depth (mm)
Susceptibility Index
PCCE
(after 1st
sign)
Service
Life
Modellin
g
In-Depth (2
year before
major repair)
Service
Life
Modellin
g and SI
Major
Repair
option
Major
Repair
schedu
led
Patch Repair
Patch Repair
Disadvantages: - do not address the cause of the
problem
- halo effect (new repair material
trigger potential
different),
corrosion takes place by shifting the
New repair
Old parent
anode-cathode
material; pH
concrete; low
>11.5
becoming
cathode
(formerly
anode)
pH
becoming
anode
(formerly
more active
cathode)
Membranes
Applied to bridge deck in conjunction
with HMA overlays
Performance criteria for membrane:
Water permeability
Chloride ion permeability
Flexibility under changing temperature
Crack bridging
Bond strength
Resistance to indentation
Overlays
Overlays
Surface Preparation
Overlays
Surface Preparation
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cathodic Protection
An Impressed-Current Cathodic
Protection
1 5 Volt,
10 - 20 mA
Cathodic Protection