LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL OF

Imperata cylindrica,
Pennisetum purpureum,
AND Saccharum
spontaneum LEAVES
EXTRACT AGAINST Aedes
aegypti
Researchers: MARIE BERNADETTE C. DIGO
VIRALYN M. ESCALANTE

Introduction
According to WHO (2013) Dengue is the
most common mosquito-borne viral
disease of humans that in recent years
has become a major international public
health concern.
Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus

 Yellow fever
Chikungunya
Zika virus

 Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass)

Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass)
Saccharum spontaneum (talahib)

Objectives of the Study

Generally, the study aims to:

Determine the larvicidal potential of Imperata cylindrica

(cogon grass), Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass) and
Saccharum spontaneum (talahib) leaves extract against Aedes
aegypti third instar larvae.

Specifically it aims to:

1. determine the larvicidal component present in each grass
leaves extract;
2. determine the mortality rate of Aedes aegypti larvae treated
with different concentrations of prepared extract at different
time intervals;
3. determine which among the concentrations of the prepared
extracts is effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae;
4. determine the significant difference among the aqueous,
methanol, and hexane extracts of the plant in the larvicidal
activity against Aedes aegypti

Significance of the Study

Screening of locally available medicinal
plants for mosquito control would
generate local employment, reduce
dependence on expensive and imported
products
Stimulate local efforts to enhance the
public health system
Have environmental friendly larvicide

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass),
Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass)
and Saccharum spontaneum (talahib)
leaves
Methanol, Hexane and distilled water
Third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti
Probit analysis

Time and Place of the study

The leaves of cogon, napier and talahib will be
collected at Brgy. Cabuco, Trece Martires City,
Cavite.
The second-instar larvae of the laboratoryreared A. aegypti will be obtained from the
Department of Biological Sciences, College of
Arts and Sciences, Cavite State University.
Laboratory of the Department of Medical
Technology, College of Nursing, Cavite State
University, Bancod, Indang, Cavite from April
2016 to July 2016.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

INPUT
1.
2.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)

PROCESS

Preparation of the concentrations 1. Phytochemical

of the plant extracts.
Screening
Variying concentrations of each

plant
(Imperata
cylindrica,
2. Larvicidal Bioassay
Pennisetum
purpureum,
and

Saccharum spontaneum)
T0DOST
Ovicidal-Larvicidal
pellet
T1- Acetone
T2- 125 ppm aqueous
T3- 250 ppm aqueous
T4- 500 ppm aqueous
T5- 1000 ppm aqueous
T6- 125 ppm methanolic
T7- 250 ppm methanolic
T8- 500 ppm methanolic
T9-1000 ppm methanolic
T10-125 ppm hexane
T11-250 ppm hexane
T12-500 ppm hexane
T13-1000 ppm hexane

OUTPUT
1. determine
the
larvicidal
component present in each
grass leaves extract
2. determine the mortality rate
of Aedes aegypti larvae
treated
with
different
concentrations of prepared
extract at different time
intervals
3. determine which among the
concentrations
of
the
prepared extracts is effective
in killing Aedes aegypti
larvae
4. determine
the
significant
difference
among
the
aqueous,
methanol,
and
hexane extracts of the plant
in the larvicidal activity
against Aedes aegypti larvae

METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH
DESIGN

COLLECTION
OF
MOSQUITO
LARVAE

LARVICIDAL
BIOASSAYS

COLLECTION
OF PLANT
MATERIAL

PREPARATION
OF
MATERIALS

PREPARATION OF
THE
CONCENTRATION
OF PLANT
EXTRACTS

PHYTOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS

DATA
GATHERING

FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

AUTHENTICATIO
N OF THE
PLANTS

PREPARATION
OF THE PLANT
EXTRACTS

STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS

RESEARCH DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN

Imperata cylindrica,
Pennisetum
purpureum, and
Saccharum
spontaneum

Methanol
Hexane
Distilled water

Concentrations
125, 250, 500 and
1000 ppm

PREPARATION OF MATERILAS
Erlenmeyer flask
Graduated cylinder
Beakers
Methanol
Hexane
Distilled water
Chemicals for the phytochemical screening

Collection of Plant Material

Matured green leaves of
Imperata cylindrica
Pennisetum pupureum
Saccharum spontaneum
At Brgy. Cabuco, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Authentication of the Plants

Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila

Preparation of the Plant Extracts

Wash (3x)

Air-Dried (7-15 days)

Hand pounded and will be
sieved

Soaked (1 kg to 4 L) for 3 Days

Filtered

Concentrated

Phytochemical Analysis
Test for:
Alkaloids
Flavonoids
Tannins
Saponins
Terpenoids
Glycoside

Phenols

Preparation of the Concentrations of

Plant Extracts
Four concentrations 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm of
each plant extracts
Stock solution ( 1000 ppm in 1L acetone)
C 1 V1 = C 2 V2
Where: C1 initial concentration
C2 final concentration

V1 initial volume
V2 final volume

Collection of Mosquito Larvae

Late third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts
and Sciences, Cavite State University

Larvicidal Bioassays
WHO standard protocols
Control group
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Ovicidal-Larvicidal
pellet (positive)
Acetone (negative)

Experimental group

One mL of each concentrations of the methanolic, hexane and aqueous

plant extract

Mortality of larvae: 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Data Gathering

Qualitative phytochemical analysis

Number of dead larvae will be observed after 24, 48

and 72 hours.
Mortality rate x 100
Mortality (%) = [(X Y) / X] 100
Where: X = percentage survival in the untreated control
Y = percentage survival in the treated sample

Statistical Analysis
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Arithmetic Mean