DAMAGE AVOIDANCE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

DAMAGE AVOIDANCE DESIGN

PHILOSOPHY
The main aim is to control the damage to the structure within
the acceptable limits at a reasonable cost
Adopted is to ensure the structures possess at least a minimum
strength to

Resist minor earthquake (<DBE), without damage.

Resist moderate earthquake (DBE), without significant

structural damage through some non-structural damage
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Cont..

Resist major earthquake (MCE) without collapse

Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) is defined as the maximum
earthquake that reasonably can be expected to experience at the
site once during lifetime of the structure
The earthquake corresponding to ultimate safety requirements
is called as Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)
Generally DBE is half of MCE

Schematic diagram depicting earthquake resistant design philosophy for

different levels shaking
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Cont..

Actual forces that appear on structures during earthquake are

much higher than the design forces specified in the code
Gap between the actual and design lateral forces is narrowed
down by providing ductility and over strength in structures.
Ductility, arising from inelastic material behavior
Over strength, arising from the additional reserve strength in
structures above the design strength

Cont..

The design lateral forces specified in the code shall be

considered in each of two orthogonal directions of structure
If lateral force resisting elements are in the two orthogonal
directions only, the design lateral force shall be considered along
one direction at a time
If they are in directions other than the two orthogonal directions,
shall analyzed considering load combinations specified in code

Cont..

Earthquake generated vertical inertia forces are to be

considered in design unless it is not significant
Vertical acceleration should be considered in structures with
large spans
Reduction in gravity force due to vertical component of
ground motions can be harmful in cases of prestressed
horizontal members and cantilevered members

Cont..

Response of structure to ground vibrations is a function of:

Nature of foundation soil

Materials, form, size and mode of construction of structures

Duration and characteristics of ground motion

Code specifies design forces for structures standing on rock or
firm soils, which do not liquefy or slide due to loss of strength
during ground vibrations

Advantages
After minor shaking, the building will be fully operational
within a short duration of time
Retrofitting cost will also be small
After moderate shaking, the building will be functional once
the retrofitting work of main members is over
After strong earthquake, the building cannot be used further,
but it will withstand so that lives of people can be saved
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Importance of ductility
Ductility will enable the structure to absorb energy during
earthquakes to avoid sudden collapse of the structure
Magnitude of the earthquake forces induced in a structure will
mainly depend on ductility of the structure
Withstand earthquake effects with some damage but without
collapse
Gives a warning to the occupants

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CONCLUSION
Used to control the damage to the structure within the
acceptable limits at a reasonable cost during earthquakes
Helps to protect the building from collapse with minimum
damage
Safety of people and things is assured in seismic design
philosophy

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Thank
you.
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