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Chemical Composition of The Cell 2
Chemical Composition of The Cell 2
Chemical Composition of The Cell 2
Animal cells
Plant cells
Sodium (Na)
Not Required.
Magnesium (Mg)
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Sulphur (S)
Phosphorus (P)
Iron (Fe)
Chlorine (Cl)
________ %
of our body
e
Pr
nt
se
in
Water
Structure
Medium of __________________
reactions
-digestive reactions such as
breaking down of protein, lipids and
sugars.
___________________
-can dissolve many ionic
compounds such as salt and
polar molecules (sugar)
The
importance of
water in the
cell
__________________ Medium
Maintain ___________________
____________________
-support the structure of a cell
(90% of the protoplasm is made
up of water)
functions
are
un
i ts
2 types
Ba
sic
Complex
macromolecules
which store _______
_________________
in the form of code.
Nucleic Acids
structure
A __________-stranded nucleic
acid, with the two strands of
polynucleotides twisted around
each other to form a
_________________________
structure
____________ - stranded
nucleic acid.
function
function
_________________________
carries DNAs genetic code into
the cytoplasm and directs the
synthesis of proteins.
Elements
Protei
n
Main
function
St
ru
monomer
ctu
re
2 types
2X
Equation
Amino acids that cannot
be synthesised by the
body.
Animal protein
Plant protein
Long chain
(contain all the essential
amino acids)
2 classes
Elements
characteristics
characteristics
Simple sugar
C6H12O6
combine with
proteins and lipids to
form ________ &
______ respectively
3 types
_______________ sugar /
complex sugars.
Consists of 2 _____________
joined together through
condensation
Equation
Sucrose
Genaral Equation
3 types
characteristics
Hundreds or thousands of
monosaccharides linked through
_________________ to form a long
chain of molecules.
___________________ in water
Do not taste sweet.
Do not crystallise.
3 types
Elements
Lipid
s
Main
function
5 main types
Fats
Oils
structure
_________ at
room temperature
___________ at
room temperature
Long chain
molecules / water
proof.
Main component of
plasma membrane
plant
Equation
Found on the
____________ of the
epidermis of leaves,
fruits and seeds of
some plants.
animal
Fatty acids
____________ that is
excreted from oil
glands in the skin
contains wax that
soften the skin.
Differences
The presence of
double bonds
between carbon
atoms in fatty acids
Unsaturated Fats
Answers
Element
Compound
Substance composed of only one kind of atom which cannot be broken down
into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Substance which consists of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Examples
Organic compounds
Contain carbon
Inorganic compounds
Carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids
Water
Animal cells
C, H, O, N
Plant cells
Na
Not Required
Mg
Ca
Fe
Cl
70-90% of our
body
Cell, lymph, blood plasma
and interstitial fluid.
e
Pr
nt
se
in
Structure
Water
Solvent
-can dissolve many ionic
compounds such as salt and
polar molecules (sugar)
A polar molecules
consists of 2
hidrogen atom & 1
oxygen atom
The
importance of
water in the
cell
Transport Medium
Support
-support the structure of a cell
(90% of the protoplasm is made
up of water)
Nucleic Acids
Transmission of
genetic
information.
Store genetic
information
2 types
un
i ts
Complex
macromolecules which
store genetic
information in the form
of code.
functions
Ba
sic
are
RNA
DNA
nucleotides
structure
structure
structure
function
function
Elements
Protein
Main
function
St
ru
Amino acids
ctu
re
2 types
2X
dipeptide
Essential amino
acids (20)
Non-essential
amino acids (11)
equation
Amino acids that
cannot be
synthesised by the
body.
Animal protein
Long chain
Plant protein
polypeptide
2 classes
Carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen.
Elements
Carbohydrates
Main
function
Ratio of H and O is
2:1
3 types
characteristics
characteristics
Simple sugar
C6H12O6
combine with
proteins and lipids to
form ________ &
______ respectively
3 types
formula
3 types
characteristics
Hundreds or thousands of
monosaccharides linked through
condensation to form a long chain
of molecules.
Insoluble in water
Do not taste sweet.
Do not crystallise.
3 types
Elements
Lipids
Main
function
Source of energy
and energy
storage.
5 main types
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steroids
structure
Solid at room
temperature
liquid at room
temperature
Long chain
molecules / water
proof.
Main component of
plasma membrane
plant
Equation
animal
Fatty acids
Sebum that is
excreted from oil
glands in the skin
contains wax that
soften the skin.
Cholesterol
Major component in plasma
membrane.
Testosterone
Male sex hormone.
Oestrogen, progesteron
Female sex hormones.
Differences
Unsaturated Fats
Have at least one double bond
between the carbon atoms.
The presence of
double bonds
between carbon
atoms in fatty acids
Solid
Condition at room
temperature
Liquid
Cholesterol level
Examples