ame :- REKHADEVI YADAV

Roll no 20 ( Physical chemistry )

-: Topic :Bio-electrochemistry
# Enzymes as electrodes

Electrochemical enzyme-catalysed oxidation of stryen

Contents

Bio-electrochemistry
Enzyme
Enzymes as electrodes
Electrochemical enzyme-catalysed oxidation of stryene
References

Bio-Electrochemistry-( Introduction )

Bioelectrochemistryis a branch ofelectrochemistry

andbiophysical chemistryconcerned with
electrophysiologicaltopics like cell electron-proton
transport, cellmembrane potentialsand electrode
reactions of redox enzymes.
The beginnings of bioelectrochemistry, as well as
those of electrochemistry, are closely related to
physiology through the works of Luigi Galvani and
then Alessandro Volta.
The first modern work in this field is considered
that of the German physiologist Julius Bernstein (1902)
concerning the source of biopotentials due to different
ion concentration through the cell's membrane.
The domain of bioelectrochemistry has grown
considerably over the past century, maintaining the close connections to
various medical and biological and engineering disciplines like electrophysiology
and biomedical engineering.

Enzyme

Enzymes are catalyst for reactions in the body.

Enymes are proteins and their molecular weight varies greatly
,from 1000 and 1000000.
They are turned off and on by tiny changes in the structure of
the entities taking part in the bioreaction being catalyzed.
Co-enzyme is meant another substance , often a vitamin ,
that has to be present to make the enzyme work.
Protein tend to unfold at a certain temperature(denaturation)
and when this occurs, the enzyme loses its activity.

Enzyme as a electrode

Enzyme as electrode

Successful adsorbed enzyme acting as an electrocatalyst

can be obtained by
1. Enzyme and the system on which it is acting must be
highly purified
2. It should have a suitable ' promoter ' on the electrode.
( This prelayer encourages the large molecules to get
adsorbed on the metal and retain their properties.)

Way to make a model membrane?

To use bilayers of phopholipids placed tail

to tail and insert proteins into them .
There are some natural entities of these type.
This leads to formation of enzyme electrode.

The electrochemical enzyme catalysed oxidation of styrene

Styrene is phenylethylene, a compound important in number of

polymerization .
In the body, the cytochrome enzyme in the liver can form styrene
oxide , which then may react with the organism's DNA
Proteinpolyion films grown layer-by-layer and cast
proteinsurfactant films were employed on electrodes for catalytic
oxidation of styrene derivatives to epoxides
Cytochrome P450cam and myoglobin in these films mediated the
electrochemical reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, which
activates these heme proteins to catalyze olefin oxidation.
Compared to bare electrodes with the proteins dissolved in
solution, ultrathin proteinpolyion films on Au electrodes coated
with mercaptopropane sulfonate gave the best catalytic activities
for the oxidations

Continued.....

Improved performance of proteinpolyion films is related to efficient,

reversible heme FeIII/FeII electron transfer and better mechanical
stability than the surfactant films.
Furthermore, dependence of product stereochemistry on oxygen
availability in the reaction medium for the oxidation of
cis--methylstyrene suggested two pathways for olefin oxidation,
which had not been reported previously for cyt P450 enzymes.
The stereoselective pathway depends on an active, high-valent
ironoxygen intermediate as in the natural enzyme system,
while the nonstereoselective pathway may involve a peroxyl radical
near the protein surface.

THANK YOU