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CE336 14 Asphalt Asphalt
CE336 14 Asphalt Asphalt
CE336 14 Asphalt Asphalt
Concrete
History
Asphalt and Tar Material
Engineered Asphalt Cements
Hot-mixed asphalt
Cutbacks
Emulsions
Properties of Asphalt
History
3500 B.C. natural bitumen used to
line reservoirs by the Greeks
First US asphalt in NY and NJ
Automobile drove the ACC industry
Asphaltine (C/H>0.8)
Resin (0.8>C/H>0.6)
Oil (C/H < 0.6)
Oils
Asphaltenes - largest and most polar
Resins - intermediate, also polar
Oils - smallest, paraffin -like, non -polar
Colloidal model
Asphaltenes surrounded by resins
Oils continuous medium
Refinery Operation
OIL WELL
MEDIUM
DISTILLATE
HEAVY
DISTILLATE
TOWER
DISTILLATION
TUBE
HEATER
GASOLENE
JET FUEL
LUBRICANTS
HEATING OIL
RESIDUAL
STORAGE
SOLVENTS
CONDENSERS
AND
COOLERS
ASPHALT
CEMENTS
Asphalt Characterization
Flash Point:
Viscosity:
dynamic shear
rheometer
Flexural Creep:
creep stiffness
Tensile Strength
Engineered Asphalt
Cement
Hot mixed asphalt (pavements)
Viscous semi-solid
Flows for heating into liquid range
Cutback asphalt
Viscous liquid
Cut with oil distillates
Emulsion asphalt
Viscous liquid
Cut with water
Properties of Asphalt
Cement
Adhesion: property to connect dissimilar
materials
Flow properties
Consistency:
temperature
shear _ stress
poises 0.1Pa s
shear _ rate
Absolute viscosity
density g / cm3
Penetration: empirical measure of ease to penetration
PG 46
PG 52
PG 58
-10
PG 64
-34
-40
-46
-46
-16
-22
-28
-34
-40
-16
-22
-28
-34
-40
-10
-16
-22
-28
-34
-40
PG 70
-10
-16
-22
-28
-34
-40
PG 76
-10
-16
-22
-28
-34
PG 82
-10
-16
-22
-28
-34
Air Temperature
Maximum 7-day
(Running Average)
Temperature
64 70 76 82
Given that the minimum measured air temperature for a site is-21C and
the maximum 7-day average temperature is 73C, which PG grade should
be used for this site. Here, use PG 76 -22.
Alternative Grading
System
Grade
Viscosity
Abs., Poises
cStokes
Kinetic,
Penetratio Flash
n
Point
C
AC-2.5
250
125
220
163
AC-5
500
175
140
177
AC-10
1000
250
80
219
AC-20
2000
300
60
232
AC-30
3000
350
50
232
AC-40
4000
400
40
232
Aggregates
Properties
Pavements
Mixture Design
Asphalt Concrete
Aggregates
Asphalt cement
has no strength at
temperatures >
60C
Stability of
pavements in hot
weather is due to
internal friction in
the aggregates
M
od
u
lu
s,P
a
ACC: Importance of
Aggregate
-40
-20
20
Temperature, C
40
60
Asphalt Concrete
Flexibility
Short-term Loadings
Asphalt Concrete
Long-term Durability
Asphalt Concrete
Workability: Ease in which material
is handled and laid and compacted.
Strength
Pavement Section
ACC Surface
ACC Base
Granular
Subbase
Subgrade
Crackin
g
Traffic Associated
Fatigue
Rutting
-40
-20
20
Temperature, C
40
60
Asphalt Concrete
Applications
Roofing,
slurry
composition shingles
Sealants
Asphalt Concrete
Applications
Pavements
Asphalt Concrete
Applications
Cutbacks (on the way out)
MC - safer
softer base (cold regions)
SC - Road Oils
rural roads, sealants
Rutting
5 - 15 m
Thermal Cracking
Fatigue Cracking
Moisture Damage?
Low-temperature thermal
Shrinkage cracking
Salt Water
Taffy
Molasses
Consistency
Plexiglas
Intermediate-temperature
traffic-associated fatigue
High-temperature
rutting
-25
0
25
50
75
Approximate Temperature, C