Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pressure Relief Safety Valves
Pressure Relief Safety Valves
Active Control
Install Relief Systems
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Pressure Terminology
MAWP
Design pressure
Operating
pressure
Set pressure
Overpressure
Accumulation
Blowdown
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Code Requirements
General Code requirements include:
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Codes
ASME B31.3 / Petroleum Refinery Piping
ASME B16.5 / Flanges & Flanged Fittings
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Code Requirements
Relieving pressure shall not exceed
MAWP (accumulation) by more than:
3% for fired and unfired steam boilers
10% for vessels equipped with a single
pressure relief device
16% for vessels equipped with multiple
pressure relief devices
21% for fire contingency
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CHOOSE
TYPE
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Spring-Operated Valves
Conventional Type
CHOOSE
TYPE
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CHOOSE
TYPE
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Superimposed Back
Pressure
Pressure in
discharge header
before valve opens
Can be constant or
variable
CHOOSE
TYPE
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header due to
frictional losses after
valve opens
Total = Superimposed
+ Built-up
CHOOSE
TYPE
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Spring-Operated Valves
Balanced Bellows Type
CHOOSE
TYPE
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CHOOSE
TYPE
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Rupture Devices
Rupture Disc
Rupture Pin
CHOOSE
TYPE
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Conventional
Metal Rupture Disc
CHOOSE
TYPE
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Conventional
Rupture Pin Device
CHOOSE
TYPE
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including vacuum
CHOOSE
TYPE
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hazardous)
Need for fast-acting device
Potential for relief valve plugging
High viscosity liquids
CHOOSE
TYPE
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Overfilling/overpressuring
Fire
Runaway reaction
Blocked lines with subsequent expansion
(PHA)
DEVELOP
SCENARIOS
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Raw
Material
Feeds
Organic substrate
Catalyst
Nitric Acid
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Sizing Reliefs
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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(i.e., blowthrough)
Liquids:
Qm C v A 2 g c P
( 1)/( 1)
g
M
c 2
Gases: Qm
Cv APo
choked
RgTo 1
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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B cos1 1 2 E D
A
D E L D B /180
wet
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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Btu/hr
Otherwise:
Q
34,500 F A
wet
Btu/hr
0.82
drainage:
where
0.82
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
Determine Vaporization
Rate
where
W Q /H vap
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
Liquid
where
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
( )
ref
1.25Ps P
b
b
Gas
P Pmax 14.7
A is the computed relief area (in )
where Pmax
1.discharge
1Ps for flow
unfired
pressure
vessels
Q is
the
thru the
relief (lb /hr)
C is the discharge coefficient
P
1.2Ps for vessels exposed to fire
max
K is the backpressure correction
.33Ps for
pipingof the discharge (R)
P T is the
temperature
max 1absolute
z is the compressibility factor
P is the set pressure for the relief valve
sM is average molecular weight of gas (lb /lb-mol)
2
SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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519
.
5
Service
1
( 1)/( 1)
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SIZE RELIEFS
(Single Phase)
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DESIGN RELIEF
SYSTEM
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Anything wrong
here?
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??Anything
Plugged
Bellows,
Failed
Signs
of
wrong
Maintenance
here?
Inspection,
Maintenance
Issues
Bellows plugged
in spite of sign
Failed
Inspection
Program
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?? Discharges Pointing
Anything
Discharges
wrong
Anything wrong
Down
Pointing
here?Down
here?
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?? Long MomentLongArm
Moment Arm
Anything wrong
here?
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Anything wrong
here?
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Summary
Pressure Relief
Very Important ACTIVE safety element
Connected intimately with Process Hazard
Analysis
Requires diligence in design, equipment
selection, installation, inspection and
maintenance
Look forward to
Two-phase flow methodology/exercise
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References
Crowl and Louvar Chemical Process
END OF
PRESENTATION