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    Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases

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    This document discusses chronic diseases and their epidemiology. It notes that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the major cause of deaths worldwide, according to the WHO and World Bank. Some key NCDs include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing in developing countries as they undergo epidemiological transition away from infectious diseases. Indonesia faces a double burden from both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute significantly to chronic diseases globally and in Indonesia. Prevention through addressing lifestyle and risk factors is needed to curb the growing epidemic of chronic diseases worldwide.

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    Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases

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    This document discusses chronic diseases and their epidemiology. It notes that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the major cause of deaths worldwide, according to the WHO and World Bank. Some key NCDs include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing in developing countries as they undergo epidemiological transition away from infectious diseases. Indonesia faces a double burden from both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute significantly to chronic diseases globally and in Indonesia. Prevention through addressing lifestyle and risk factors is needed to curb the growing epidemic of chronic diseases worldwide.

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    Epidemiology of Chronic Deseases

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    Chronic Diseases

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    This document discusses chronic diseases and their epidemiology. It notes that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the major cause of deaths worldwide, according to the WHO and World Bank. Some key NCDs include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing in developing countries as they undergo epidemiological transition away from infectious diseases. Indonesia faces a double burden from both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute significantly to chronic diseases globally and in Indonesia. Prevention through addressing lifestyle and risk factors is needed to curb the growing epidemic of chronic diseases worldwide.

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    7 views33 pages

    Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Nugraheni
    This document discusses chronic diseases and their epidemiology. It notes that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the major cause of deaths worldwide, according to the WHO and World Bank. Some key NCDs include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. The prevalence of these diseases is increasing in developing countries as they undergo epidemiological transition away from infectious diseases. Indonesia faces a double burden from both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute significantly to chronic diseases globally and in Indonesia. Prevention through addressing lifestyle and risk factors is needed to curb the growing epidemic of chronic diseases worldwide.

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    of 33

    EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC DISEASES

    Dr. H. Ari Udiyono, M.Kes


    Master of Epidemiology Postgraduate Program
    Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health
    Diponegoro University Semarang

    Worlds Problems

    News

    Worlds Problems

    Global Deaths, 2005


    17.528.000

    CardioVascular
    Disease

    7.586.000

    Cancer
    4.057.000
    2.830.000

    HIV/
    AIDS

    1.607.000

    Tbc

    *NCD are the mayor of deaths in the world


    **Sumber: WHO dan WorldBank 2005

    883.000

    Malaria

    Chronic
    Respiratory
    Disease

    1.125.000

    DM

    Epidemiologic Transition

    WHO, 2005

    The Projection of Deaths trends by general causes at Developing Countries

    Epidemiologic Transition

    Trends of main cause of deaths in Indonesia, SKRT 1995, 2001, Riskesdas 2007

    Double Burden of Diseases


    Communicable Diseases

    Indonesia

    Non-Communicable Diseases

    Indonesia
    International Estimation WHO Perspective
    2000 8.4 milions people with DM (1.9%)
    2030 21.3 milions people with DM (2.8%)

    World 4th largest prevalence!!!


    Wild, et al.
    2004

    DM Prevalence in Indonesia
    1982

    1982

    6.1 %

    5.1%
    1.6 %

    1991

    2005

    1.1%
    1995

    1.5 %

    1981

    1.4%

    1992

    1998

    200
    4

    5.7 %
    2001

    3.5 %
    7.2%

    9.2%
    14.7 %

    Padang
    Jakarta

    12.5 %
    2003

    2005

    Singaparn
    a
    Pekajanga
    n

    Surabaya
    Bali
    Makassar
    Manado

    Risk Factors

    Risk Factors
    Risk Factors

    CVD

    DM

    Ca

    COPD

    Smoking

    Alcohol

    Unhealthy Diet

    Physical Inactivity

    Obesity

    Raised Blood Pressure

    Blood Lipid

    Blood Glucose

    Leading Cause of Death, 2000

    Number of deaths (000s)

    Source: WHR 2002

    Life Style

    Unhealthy Diet
    Opened since 1991 in Jakarta
    After 15 years : > 108 McDonalds outlets across
    Indonesia (54 in Jakarta & Jakartas sub urban)

    Consumers growth 10 % per year


    2005 : 3 millions customers / month

    Physical Activities

    High Technologies
    HP dan remote TV
    menghindarkan kita dari
    BERJALAN KAKI
    20 x sehari x 20 m = 400 m
    Jarak tempuh yang hilang /
    tahun
    400 x 365 = 146,000 m
    146 km = 25 jam berjalan kaki
    1 jam jalan kaki = 113-226 kcal
    Energi yang tersimpan =2800-6000 kcal

    Rssner, 2002

    0.4-0.8 kg jaringan adiposa/ lemak

    BB

    Daily Activities

    Overweight

    Global Problem

    Developing Countries smokers

    Epidemic of Tobacco

    Invisible Diseases

    Invisible Diseases

    Promotion & Prevention

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