Quiz 2014.02.

05
An organic liquid enters a 0.834-in. ID horizontal steel
tube, 3.5 ft long, at a rate of 5000 lb/hr. You are given
that the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and
viscosity of the liquid is 0.565 Btu/lb-F, 0.0647
Btu/hr-ft-F, and 0.59 lb/ft-hr, respectively. All these
properties are assumed constant. If the liquid is being
cooled, determine the inside-tube heat transfer
coefficient using the Dittus-Boelter equation:

N Nu 0.023 N Re

0.8

N Pr

n = 0.4 when fluid is

heated
n = 0.3 when fluid is
cooled

TIME IS UP!!!

Recall
Convection Heat
Transfer

Where:
Q = heat flow rate
Driving
A = heat transfer area force

h = heat transfer
coefficient
Tw = temperature at solid
wall
Tf = temperature at bulk Thermal
Resistance
fluid

Combined Heat
Transfer

Outline
3. Conduction Heat Transfer
4. Convection Heat Transfer
5. Combined Heat Transfer
5.1. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
5.2. Log-Mean Temperature Difference
6. Overall Shell Heat Balances

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Convection

Conducti
on

Combined Heat
Transfer (flat slab):

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Define: Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient,
U

Combined Heat
Transfer (flat slab):

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Define: Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient,
U

Inside overall heat

transfer coefficient, Ui

Outside overall heat

transfer coefficient, Uo

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Define: Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient,
U

Relationship between
the two:

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Define: Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient,
U

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Exercise!
Saturated steam at 267F is flowing inside a
steel pipe with an ID of 0.824 in. and an OD of
1.05 in. The pipe is insulated with 1.5 in. of
insulation on the outside. The convective heat
transfer coefficient inside and outside the pipe is
hi = 1000 Btu/hr/ft2/F and ho = 2 Btu/hr/ft2/F,
respectively. The mean thermal conductivity of
the metal is 45 W/m/K or 26 Btu/hr/ft/F, while
that of the insulation material is 0.064 W/m/K or
0.037 Btu/hr/ft/F. Calculate the heat loss for 1 ft
of pipe using resistances if the surrounding air is
at 80F.

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for Circular
Pipe Section)

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat
Transfer (for
Circular Pipe
*The
temperature of the
Section)
fluid and immediate
surroundings vary along
the length.
TB1

TB2

TA1
2

TA1 = fluid temp. at

pt.1

TA2
1

Let:

TA2 = fluid temp. at

pt.2
TB1 = surr. temp. at

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Making a heat balance across the
entire pipe for an area dA:

Let:
TA1 = fluid temp. at

TB1

TB2

TA1

pt.1

TA2
1

TA2 = fluid temp. at

pt.2
TB1 = surr. temp. at

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Making a heat balance across the
entire pipe for an area dA:

TB1

According to
the combined
heat transfer
equation:

TB2

TA1

TA2
1

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Making a heat balance across the
entire pipe for an area dA:

According to
the combined
heat transfer
equation:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Equating the dq from the 2
equations below:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Equating the dq from the 2
equations
below:

Making a heat balance in the inlet

and outlet:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Equating the dq from the 2
equations
below:

Making a heat balance in the inlet

and outlet:
Adding the 2 equations:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Equating the dq from the 2
equations
below:

Substituting:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)

Integrating:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)

Rearranging:

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Define: Logarithmic Mean Temperature
Difference
TB1
TB2

TA1

TA2
1

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)
Define: Logarithmic Mean Temperature
Difference
TB1
TB2

TA1

TA2
1

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)

Final Form:

TB1

TB2

TA1

TA2
1

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Combined Heat Transfer (for
Circular Pipe)

Final Form:

TB1

TB2

TA1

But still:

TA2
1

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Exercise!
250 kg/hr of fluid A (cp = 5.407 J/gK) is to
be cooled from 150C using a cooling fluid
B which enters a countercurrent doublepipe heat exchanger at 50C and leaves at
85C. The total heat transfer area available
is 5 m2 and the overall heat transfer
coefficient is 230 W/m2K. Determine the
outlet temperature of fluid A assuming no
phase change.

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Solution!
The heat used to increase
the temperature of fluid A
is the same heat
transferred across the pipe.

Log-mean Temperature Difference

Solution!

Substituting the
values:

Shift solve for T!