Welcome

The oppositely charged particles

Negatively charged
Electrons

Positively charged
Protons

Around 600BC, Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus became the first

person to experiment on electricity obtained by rubbing pieces of
amber.

Benjamin Franklin Kite

Experiment(1752)

The invention of Lightning Rod

Benjamin Franklin carried out
extensive electricity research
in the 18th century, inventing
the lightning rod amongst his
many discoveries
In the event of a lightning
strike, the lighting rod
conducts the strike through a
grounded wire, protecting the
building.

What is Voltage?
Voltageisaforcethat
makeselectricitymove
throughawire
Itismeasuredinvolts(V)

What is current?

Flow of electron

What is resistance?
Theelectricalresistanceof
anelectricalconductorisa
measureofthedifficultytopass
anelectriccurrentthroughthat
conductor.

Though there are many advantages but the

main disadvantage of Electricity is that it is

Invisibl
e

Electric
Shock

The power of Lightning

OneLightningStrokeisequalto

5billionjoules

approximately

abouttheenergystoredin

litresofpetrol

145

Man vs. the bird

When a bird sits on the transmission

line

Both the legs are at the same potential

The bird is safe

The legs are now at different potential

The birds gets Electrocuted

What are the hazards in use

of electricity ?
Contact with Live Parts
Lack of ground fault protection
Path to ground missing or discontinuous
Equipment not used properly
Improper use of extension and flexible wires/cords

Causes of electric shock

1.Faulty appliances
2.Damaged cords or extension leads
3.Electrical appliances coming in contact with water
4.Incorrect or deteriorated household wiring
5.Downed powerlines
6.Lightning strike

Severity of the shock

depends on:

Path of current through the body

Amount of current flowing through
the body
Length of time the body is in the
circuit

LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT

LOW HAZARD!

MEAN

Human body
resistance to current
Body Area

Resistance (ohms)

Dry Skin

100,000 to 600,000 ohms

Wet Skin

1,000 0hms

Internal body
hand to foot

400 to 600 ohms

Ear to ear

(about) 100 ohms

What are the levels of effect of

current?
Types of Current Current range
Physiological
(mA)

effect

Threshold

1-5

Tingling sensation

Pain

5-8

Intense or painful
sensation

Let-go

8-20

Threshold of
involuntary muscle
contraction

Paralysis

>20-80

Respiratory
paralysis and pain

Fibrillation

80-1000

Ventricular and
heart fibrillation

Defibrillation

1000-10,000

Sustained
myocardial
contraction and
possible tissue
burns

Probable effect of shock

on human body
High Voltage greatly reduces the bodys resistance by breaking down human
skin
Once the skin is punctured, the lowered resistance results in heavy current
through the human body.
At 1000 volts, Current = 1000/500 = 2 Amps.
This can cause cardiac arrest and serious damage to internal organs.

Injuries to human body from electric shocks

Shock related injuries include:

Electric Burns.
Internal Injuries.
Involuntary muscle contractions.

Injuries to human body from electric

shocks(cont.)

Severity of Electric Shock

Injuries from electric shock are less severe when the current
does not pass through or near nerve centers and vital organs
However in majority of accidents at construction sites the
current flows through hand to feet
Since such a path involves both heart and lungs, the shocks
are usually serious.

Preventive measures
Avoid contact with live parts
Temporary wiring that caries high voltage (over 440 volts) is
guarded and fenced to keep out unauthorized personnel.
Area around electrical equipment is not used as passageways when
energized parts are exposed
There is adequate illumination and those working on the equipment
are not endangered by live parts. Theses workers are provided with
rubber gloves
Electrical boards or live parts are protected by suitable enclosures
and appropriate warning signs displayed
Electrical equipment and wiring are in safe condition and properly
grounded

Preventive measures(cont.)
De-energizing electrical equipment before
inspecting or making repairs
Using appropriate protective equipment, or PPE
Proper grounding
Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)
Cover sockets and outlets
Replace worn or damaged equipment
Educating the public regarding electrical devices
Keep electrical gadgets out of childrens reach

Safety Shoes
Electrical Resistance: Max 18 KV for 1 minute
exposure
Insulation Material: Single Density Polyurethane
sole
Temperature Resistance: Max 120 C for 1 minute
exposure
Safety shoes shall be worn if there is a danger of
electric shock
But this cannot guarantee 100% protection from
electric shock and additional measures to avoid this
risk are essential
Also, Routine test is required for such shoes

What happens when we touch a

live wire wearing rubber
footwear ?

Your body is brought to the same potential (voltage)

as the live wire. You'll feel a tingle, but not much
else

Insulator can become Conductor, But a conductor

can never be a insulator

As long as your rubber slippers insulate you from the

ground, no current will flow from the wire through
your body to the ground

Insulation of footwear depends upon thickness and

purity of rubber material used

Safety Shoes(cont.)
Regular inspections of nicks, cuts,
abrasions or chemical
contamination should be carried
out
Worn and damaged footwear
should not be used
In moist and wet conditions, it
can become conductive
Thus,avoid use of wet shoes while
working with electricity

Curative measures
Do not attempt to move the victim from current
source. First step is to switch off the current source
Otherwise, move the victim using a wooden stick
Check for breathing of the victim
If the victim is not breathing, then do cardiopulmonary
resuscitation(CPR)
If breathing, Call emergency medical aid

Resuscitation

CALL 5555

Cardio-pulmonary
Resuscitation(CPR)

Electricity is a good
slave, but a bad master

Thank you