Post-War Pahlavi Rule (1941-1949)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi lacked the totalitarian

capability of his father.
This control deficit allowed the political environment to
liberalize.
Political parties and trade unions formed. They ranged
from theocrats to communists.
Mohammad Mossadegh led the National Front, a broadly
popular opposition party.
Education Policy and reforms drafted by intellectuals
and educationalist with the consent of the Shah.

Rise of Mossadegh (1949-1951)

The British oil concession provided Iran with limited revenue.
Faced with the popularity of Mossadegh, the Shah allowed
him to become prime minister.
The Majlis nationalized Irans oil industry.
Desperate to reinstate control over Irans oil, the British
government enlisted the assistance of the C.I.A. to oust
Mossadegh.
The initial attempt of the coup failed; the Shah was forced to
flee Iran.

1953 Coup d'tat (1953)

The Anglo-American forces initiated a second phase, manifest in
demonstrations demanding the Shahs return.
Mossadeghs government fell, and the Shah reassumed his throne.
Rule was bolstered by Western support.
Extensive military investment
Shah limited civil liberties to prevent future uprisings SAVAK
secret police.
Shah proposed total loyalty to God, Shah and Homeland , and
introduced the White Revolution- Revolution of the Shah and the
People

Education Policies under the White

Revolution (1960-79)
A preliminary condition for a democratic regime is general and
compulsory education. Expansion of secular education
Increased education opportunity, and greater participation
(enfranchisement) for women.
Degradation of clerical, wealthy influence
Collective education infrastructure and central support.
Urbanization exclusivity of education terminated.
Education reforms actor comprised of Intellectuals,
educationalists, and clergy-and as well as society itself, in its
conceptualization modernization of education system.

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79)
basic changes that were assembled by White
Revolution in basic education system
basic education system refers
to primary, secondary and
higher levels of education
Madrasa and Maktabi education was not included
because of their autonomy from governmental decrees
Rural youth who were more illiterate than their urban
counterparts

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79) (Cont.)
Re-constitutionalisation of government proposed
Compulsory Education Law of 1906
28 June 1943, minister of education, Mr. Siyasi drafted a
law for approval of Shah which stated:
six years of free and compulsory education
throughout the country for the duration of ten years
Landlords and village councils were obliged to support and
finance the schools
Parents were obliged to send their children

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79) (Cont.)
Education reforms:
1. innovation of comprehensive primary education
2. basic principle in creating a balance between rural
and urban institutions, vocational and academic
schools,
3. teaching methods, curriculums and course
materials subject to reformation
4. pristine teaching methods and materials to be
replaced with modern ones

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79) (Cont.)
Education System reforms:
reorganization and rearrangement of the education
system teaching methods, curriculums and course
materials subject to reformation
6-6 education system to be replaced with 5-3-4 years
5 years of education became compulsory
3 years intermediary education
4 years secondary education
This system imitated that of the French education
system

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79) (Cont.)
Education System reforms: (cont.)
In comprehensive to those plans Literacy Corps was introduced
The corps was composed of high school graduates who were at
the age of military services.
to fulfill their military obligations by teaching rural dwellers for
two years
Literacy Corps was successful in its primary goal of eradication
of illiteracy among rural Iranian population
50,000 villages had been reached, 12,000 schools
established and special textbooks were distributed to over
600,000 students

Education Reforms under the White

Revolution (1960-79) (Cont.)
Education System reforms: (cont.)
On the other hand, National University and Aryamehr were
founded under the precept of new approaches in higher education
Both universities were private and they were imitations of United
States university experience
Autonomy on educational matters than Ministry of Education.
responsibility for opening and closing universities and colleges,
supervising their curriculums and academic activities as well as
controlling abroad study programs.
In summary, Mohammad Shah fathered in all reform and
modernization attempts of the Iranian education system