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Pengenalan Teleskop Kursus Ilmu Falak OIF
Pengenalan Teleskop Kursus Ilmu Falak OIF
The problem
One focal point
for all light rays
The solution
The Solution
Focal point
for blue light
Simple lenses suffer from
the fact that different colors
of light have slightly
different focal lengths. This
defect is corrected by
adding a second lens
The problem
Focal point
for red light
Focal point
for all light
The solution
Coma
Refracting Teleskop
Obj Diam
Each design incorporates a small mirror just in front of the prime focus to
reflect the light to a convenient location for viewing.
Teleskop Specs
100mm F7 Refractor
100mm F10 Refractor
200mm F10 Schmidt Cass
400mm F4.5 Newtonian
16 inch F4.5 Newtonian
The Powers of a
Teleskop
Light Gathering Power: Astronomers prefer *large*
Teleskops. A large Teleskop can intercept and focus more starlight
than does a small Teleskop. A larger Teleskop will produce brighter
images and will be able to detect fainter objects.
Light-Collecting Area
think of the Teleskop as a photon bucket
The amount of light that can be collected is dependent on the mirror
area
A = (D/2)2
Resolution
smallest angle which can be seen
= 1.22 / D
The angular resolution of a reflecting Teleskop is dependent on the
diameter of the primary (D) and the wavelength of the light being
viewed
()
These properties are much more important than magnification which is
produced by placing another lens - the eyepiece - at the mirror focus.
1. Light-gathering
power: Depends on
the surface area A of
the primary lens /
mirror, proportional
to diameter squared:
A = (D/2)2
Angular Resolution
Eyepieces
Used to magnify the image at the focal
plane for viewing by the naked eye
Your image will only be as good as the
weakest chain in your optical system
Many Different designs
All specified with an Eyepiece FL and an
AFOV
Types of Eyepieces
Old designs (limited use)
Huyghenian, Ramsden, Kellner, Erfle
Low Cost, with distortion
Magnifying Power
Magnifying Power = ability of the Teleskop to make the
image appear bigger.
The magnification depends on the ratio of focal lengths of
the primary mirror/lens (Fs) and the eyepiece (Fe):
M = Fs/Fe
A larger magnification does not improve the resolving
power of the Teleskop!
Rule of Thumb- Maximum useful Mag is 50x per inch of
Objective diameter under ideal seeing
- 20x to 30x per inch of Objective is more common in NE
Examples
100mm F7 Refractor, w 32mm Plossl (52deg AFOV)
Mag
FOV
Eye relief
The distance from the last surface of the eyepiece eye
lens (the lens closest to your eye) to where the image is
formed.
Eye relief should be fairly long for comfortable viewing,
if you must wear eyeglasses, you will need a minimum of 15mm
of eye relief to see the entire field of view
Eye relief usually decreases as eyepiece focal lengths get
shorter
Barlow Lens
x2 or x3 increase in your mag or a /2
or /3 decrease in your eyepiece FL.
Using a x2 barlow you can make a
32mm eyepiece also serve as a 16mm
eyepiece.
(But you keep the 32mm eye relief)
Altitude-Azimuth (Alt-Az)
Simple, mudah digunakan
Tidak mahal
paling portable
Equatorial
Mudah mendapatkan
objek pada medan
pandang
Susah untuk di atur
(setting)
Biasanya berat
Biasanya tergerak
Dobsonian (Dob)
Sangat mudah digunakan
Tidak terlalu mahal
Sangat stabil
Paling penting: kestabilan!
Teleskop Mounts
Banyak mounting
yang bermototr
dan bahkan
terkomputerisasi
Finders
Why? most Teleskops have a 1 to 2 deg
FOV at their lowest magnification
Types
Reflex Sight:
Zero Power
dovetail, red dot, telrad (concentric circles)
Magnifying 30mm, 50mm and 70mm
Correct view
Teleskop view
Finder Protocol
Use a star map to define area to observe
Use the finder to point the scope to the
general area
Use your eyepiece with the widest
effective field to locate your target.
Happy Observing
Filters
Filter Basics
Filters are designed to block
light.
This inherently darkens the
image, so the scope must be
able to pull in enough light to still
allow you to see the object you
are interested in.
Due to this fact, small Teleskop
often do not benefit from filters.
The Moon looks better through a
filter in any size Teleskop.
The Sun can be viewed directly
with the proper filter.
Solar Filters
Conventional solar filters come in
two varieties (glass and Mylar film)
and allow us to see sunspots on
the surface of the sun.
Most Mylar filters show the sun as
a blue disk. Glass filters generally
show the sun in yellow. Baader
Solar Film (Mylar) show the sun as
a white disk and has the best
contrast.
H-Alpha filters are expensive, but
allow us to view the flares and
other features in the Suns
chromosphere.
Moon Filters
The Moon is very bright,
especially at lower
magnifications. This makes
it difficult to see fine detail.
A standard lunar filter may
block 80% or more of all
visible light.
A polarizing filter uses two
polarized elements that can
be rotated to vary the
amount of light blocked.
Color Filters
Credits
Phillip Anderson, University of Texas
Joseph Howard, Info Technology
Michael Swanson, US Naval Hospital Okinawa
Appendix
Snell's Law
Where:
VL1 is the longitudinal wave velocity in
material 1.
VL2 is the longitudinal wave velocity in
material 2.
Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angles and the
velocities of the waves. Snell's law equates the ratio of material
velocities VL1 and VL2 to the ratio of the sine's of incident and
refracting angles.
Snell's Law
n=(c/v) where :
C is the velocity
of light and
v is the velocity
of light in that
medium