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Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Chapter 2
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
2.1
16 X
8Y
8 X2Y
2.1
2.2
2.2
(Uranium compound)
2.2
2.2
Rutherfords Model of
the Atom
2.2
+ 9Be
n + 12C + energy
Mass
(g)
Charge
(Coulombs)
Charge
(units)
-1
Proton (p+)
+1
A
ZX
Atomic Number
1
1H
235
92
2
1H
Element Symbol
(D)
238
92
3
1H
(T)
U
2.3
2.3
C?
C?
2.3
Noble Gas
Halogen
Group
Alkali Metal
Period
2.4
H2
H2O
NH3
CH4
11 protons
11 electrons
Na
11 protons
10 electrons
17 protons
17 electrons
Cl
17 protons
18 electrons
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
empirical
H2O
H2O
C6H12O6
CH2O
O3
N2H4
NH2
2.6
2.6
3 x -2 = -6
Al2O3
Al3+
1 x +2 = +2
2 x -1 = -2
CaBr2
Ca2+
1 x +2 = +2
Na+
O2-
Br1 x -2 = -2
Na2CO3
CO322.6
SO42-
sulfate
2-
sulfite
bicarbonate
NO3
nitrate
ClO3-
chlorate
NO2-
nitrite
Cr2O72-
dichromate
SCN-
thiocyanate
CO3
ammonium
2-
HCO3
CrO4
2-
carbonate
chromate
SO3
OH
hydroxide
2.7
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
often a metal + nonmetal
anion (nonmetal), add ide to element name
BaCl2
barium chloride
K2O
potassium oxide
Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
KNO3
potassium nitrate
2.7
FeCl2
2 Cl- -2 so Fe is +2
iron(II) chloride
FeCl3
3 Cl- -3 so Fe is +3
iron(III) chloride
Cr2S3
2.7
Molecular compounds
nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids
common names
H2O, NH3, CH4, C60
2.7
Molecular Compounds
HI
hydrogen iodide
NF3
nitrogen trifluoride
SO2
sulfur dioxide
N2Cl4
dinitrogen tetrachloride
NO2
nitrogen dioxide
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
TOXIC!
Laughing Gas
2.7
nitric acid
H2CO3
carbonic acid
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
2.7
2.7
sodium hydroxide
KOH
potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxide
2.7