Historical Story: The Battle of

10 November 1945 Surabaya

by:
Ginza Devisi Amerina

The Battle of Surabaya

The Battle of Surabaya was fought between
pro-independence Indonesian soldiers
against British and Dutch troops as a part of
the Indonesian National Revolution
Despite fierce resistance, British and Indian
troops managed to conquer Surabaya, the
second-largest city in Indonesia, on behalf
of the Netherlands
This battle was the first war of Indonesian
troops with foreign forces after the
Declaration of Independence
The battle was the heaviest single battle of
the revolution and became a national
symbol of Indonesian resistance

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The Battle of Surabaya

[19 September 1945]
Dutchflag
The
torn
death
inciden
of
t
[30 October 1945]MallabySurabaya
warriors
refused [9 November 1945]
the
ultimatu
m of
allied
forces

THE BATTLE OF
SURABAYA
[10 November 1945]
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Dutch-flag torn incident in

Yamato hotel

[Oranje Hotel, 19 September 1945]

Most of the youth approached and climbed

the wall and the top gate hotel to tare and
lower the blue one
On 19 September 1945, a group
of Dutch raised the Dutch flag
outside the Hotel Yamato
On 17 August 1945, Soekarno and
Hatta declared the Independence of
Indonesia in Jakarta

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Death of Brigadier of England, Mallaby

[Red Bridge, 30 October 1945]

ling
avel ya
r
t
s
a
a
He wut Surab ite
h
o
ab er a w
d
und to sprea ut
o
g
fa ews ab e
r
n
the cease fi hen
e
w
h
t
nt
e me
agre his car the
ed '
oach
ps
appr ish troo
Brit post
His car was surrounded
by Indonesian
Republican militia.
Fearing that their
commander was about
to be attacked, led by
British Major fired into
the air to disperse the
Captain R.C. Smith, who
Indonesian militia. The
was
in the stationary car,
militia, thinking that
reported
that a young
the British were taking
Republican
shot and killed
hostile action, fired
Mallaby
after
a short
back at the British
conversation. Smith then
troops.
reported throwing a
grenade from the car in the
direction of where he
thought the shooter had
hidden. Although he was
not sure whether or not it
hit its target, the explosion
caused the back seat of the
car to ignite

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ALLIED FORCESS

ULTIMATUM

The Main Battle

The ultimatum was
rejected by the
Indonesian side of
Surabaya
at 06:00 am on 10 November 1945 the British
army began to demolish and methodological
advance of bombardment

Warships
Cannon &
Tanks

Aircraft
City of
Suraba
ya

the British
supposed that
the resistance
in Surabaya
could be
conquered in 3
days

3 Weeks

Durati
on
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Resistance of the
people who initially
carried out
spontaneously and
were not coordinated

Increasingly
in regular basis

Victims
6000
16000
Indonesians
600 2000
British Army

ULTIMATUM

The Ultimatum:
All Indonesian leaders, including the leaders
of the Youth Movements, the Chief Police and
the Chief Official of the Soerabaya Radio will
report at Bataviaweg by 18.00 hours, 9th
November. They will approach in single file
carrying any arms they possess. These arms
will be laid down at a point 100 yards from the
rendezvous, after which the Indonesians will
approached with their hands above their
heads and will taken into custody, and must
Limit of the ultimatum was at 6:00 the morning of 10 November 1945
be prepared to sign a document of
unconditional surrender

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Man of the Battle

Bung Tomo, who is famous for his fiery oration in
encouraging the fighters. Heroic speeches of Bung Tomo
(Soetomo) was one of the trigger.

As long Indonesian warriors

still have the red blood that
can make a piece of white cloth
into red and white, so long as
we want it we will not
surrender to anybody!
Freedom or Death.
"The people of Surabaya reject
the Allied ultimatum, is better
crushed perish than colonized
again and called on the people of
Surabaya
prepares
to
commemorate the war the next
day."

At midnight on 9 November 1945, East Javas Governor

of Surabaya, Suryo, bravely called over the radio

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Heroes Monument
The heroes monuments stands like a
rocket pointed towards the moon in
Pahlawan street central Surabaya.
Its not omitted or even decorated,
not particularly large, but its
simplicity may have been the
deliberate plan of its architect to
convey
humble,
rather
than
bellicose pride. The monument
becomes a center of major attention
every November 10th, the day in
1945
when
Surabaya
commemorates those heroes who
died during the independence war

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Red Bridge

Located
at
North
Surabaya,
in
whose
surrounding is one of
the
most
savage
fightings ever seen on
Java, and it was right
here
that
Brigadir
Jendral Mallaby from
England was killed on
30th October 1945
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10

Oranje/Majapahit Hotel

The heroic
event in
Tunjungan
Street make
that street
name had
increasingly
recognized
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11

Stadium and Institute

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New Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium

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13

How do we respect?

10 November is commemorated as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia

until now and Surabaya is well-known as City of Heroes
Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped evoke
Indonesian and international support for Indonesian Independence

Importance of the spirit of unity of all elements in the nation in the face
of all odds, easily subject to the will and the pressure of foreign nations.
Emerging the patriotism and heroism of young generation to bring the
success for the nation

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And lastly, I hope the fighting spirit of heroism which was

inscribed by the Surabaya fighters and heroes who have
fallen before us continues flowing on earth of Surabaya.
And I hope that my blood has also inherited the fighting
spirit, so I can only say: 'I'm proud of my Surabaya', but
one day I should be able to make Surabaya proud of me.

THANK YOU