HIGH POWER SYSTEMS FOR WIND PROFILER

K. P. Ray

Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research

IIT campus, Powai, Mumbai-400 076.

1.HIGH POWER TRANSMITTER

2.DUPLEXER

Transmitter Specifications:
Frequency
Bandwidth
Output power
Duty cycle
Pulse Width
Pulse Repetition Time
Harmonics
Spurious
Cooling

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

404.37 MHz
500 kHz
16 kW peak
10 % maximum
2 -16 s
100 - 160s
-30 dBc or better
-40 dBc
Forced air

Main Subsystems:
1.HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIERS
2.HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE POWER
SUPPLIES
3. RF CONTROL CIRCUITS AND DUAL
DIRCTIONAL COUPLER
4. CONTROL AND INTERLOCK
CIRCUITS

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 16 kW PULSED TRANSMITTER

HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIERS

FIRST OPTION OF 16 kW PULSED TRANSMITTER

43dB
~9.5 dB

~10.5 dB
1mW

SSA

20W

PDR

225W

DR

~9 dB
2kW

16kW

HPA

SECOND OPTION .

50 dB
~11 dB
1mW

SSA

100W

DR

~12 dB
1kW

16kW

HPA

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR SOLID STATE AMPLIFIER

MSA 1101
MSA 0520

MHW 720A1

MRF 393

SOLID STATE AMPLIFIER

Frequency Response of SSA

Measured values of Parameters for Solid State Amplifier

Output power

100W Pulsed

Gain

50 db

3 db Bandwidth

>+/- 3 MHz

Efficiency

approx 40%

Harmonics/spurious

-40db

Dynamic range

> 5 db

Design Philosophy of Distributed Matching

Network for Triode Amplifiers

Reactance provided by the tube capacitance

Xc = j Zo tan (2/) L

The length 'L' of the tuned co-axial line is given by:

L = /2 tan-1 Xc / Zo

Where = wavelength in cm
Xc = reactance due to the inter-electrode capacitance
Zo = characteristic impedance of the line (ohm)

The 50 ohm matching point to tap-out the output power is given by:
L2 = /2 Ri/Rg . [Xc/(Xc2 + Zo2)1/2] cm
Where L2 = distance from the short circuited end to the matching
point.
Ri = Output resistance (50 ohm in this case)
Rg = grid resistance in ohms.
Co-axial structure with centre conductor having circular cross-section
and outer conductor of rectangular cross section are commonly

FREQUENCY TUNING BY VARYING LENGTH

FREQUENCY TUNING BY VARYING IMPEDANCE

BIASING OF 2 kW TRIODE DRIVER AMPLIFIER

Grounded Grid Configuration

SCHEMATIC OF TRIODE AMPLIFIERS

DRIVER AMPLIFIER CAVITY

3CPX800A7

Frequency Response of a Driver Amplifier

Pulse Response of a Driver Amplifier

Harmonic Content of a Driver Amplifier

HIGH POWER AMPLIFIER CAVITY

3CPX3500U7

Frequency Response of High Power Amplifier

Pulse Response of High Power Amplifier

Harmonic Content of High Power Amplifier

HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW

VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLIES

Power Supply Requirement for Various Amplifier Stages

Solid State Amplifier:
28 Volts DC Regulated
12 Volts DC Regulated
Driver Amplifier:
Plate Voltage:

3.5 kV DC

Cathode Voltage:

10.0 Volts DC

Filament Voltage:

13.5 Volts AC, 3.5 Amps

High Power Amplifier:

Plate Voltage:

6.4 kV DC

Cathode Voltage:

63.0 Volts DC

Filament Voltage:

15.0 Volts AC, 13 Amps

LOW POWER RF CONTROL CIRCUITS

AND DUAL DIRCTIONAL COUPLER

AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL

Output power of an amplifier may
change due to:
o

1)Change in ambient temperature,

2)Change in supply voltages.
Requirement :
Level Stability : < 0.1 dB for 1 dB
change in amplifier gain

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR AUTOMATIC LEVEL

CONTROL CIRCUIT

FINAL OUTPUT RESPONSE OF THE TRANSMITTER

DUAL DIRECTIONAL COUPLER

CONTROL AND INTERLOCK CIRCUITS

SAFETY INTERLOCKS FOR TRANSMITTER

AIR FLOW
CATHODE SUPPLY
PLATE VOLTAGE
EXCESS PLATE CURRENT
SSA OVERLOAD
DOOR
EXCESS REFLECTION

Interlock Scheme for the Transmitter

S.NO.

Failure

RF drive

HT supply

Filament
supply

1.

Tube cooling
blower

2.

Rack exhaust fan

3.

Cathode supply

4.

Excess anode current

5.

Reflected power (VSWR)

6.

Duplexer

7.

Door/Panel

Display Indicators :Sr. No.

Parameters

Indications

Location

1.

Anode voltage (HPA)

Analog meter

Display Panel

2.

Anode current (HPA)

Analog meter

Display Panel

3.

Grid current (HPA)

Analog meter

Display Panel

4.

Anode voltage (Driver)

Analog meter

Display Panel

5.

Anode current (Driver)

Analog meter

Display Panel

6.

Grid current (Driver)

Analog meter

Display Panel

7.

Forward Power

Analog meter

Display Panel

8.

Reflected Power

Analog meter

Display Panel

9.

Mains Supply (R, Y, B)

Lamps

Mains Panel

10.

EHT Timer

Lamps

Mains Panel

11.

Filament Timer

Lamps

Mains Panel

12.

Elapsed Time

Time Totalized meter

Back Panel

13.

DC Voltages (LVPS)

Analog meter

LVPS Plug in

14.

DC Currents (LVPS)

Analog meter

LVPS Plug in

TEST RESULTS OF TRANSMITTER

Parameters

Specified values

Measured values

Output power:

16 kW peak

>16 kW peak

Bandwidth:

0.5 MHz

> 1 MHz

Harmonics:

-30 dBc

> -38 dBc

Spurious Level:

-40 dBc

-55dBc

16 kW PULSED TRANSMITTER

DUPLEXER

Specifications of Duplexer
Total input power

16 kW peak

Average power

1.6 kW

Pulse width

2 s & 16 s (coded)

Transmit port Return loss

> 18.0 dB

Transmit mode insertion loss

< 0.5 dB

Receive mode insertion loss

<1.0 dB

leakage (isolation)

50.0 dB Min.

Recovery time

3 s, however effort will

Transmit mode

be put to achieve 1 s

HIGH POWER BALANCED DUPLEXER

HIGH POWER BALANCED DUPLEXER

WITH INCREASED ISOLATION

CIRCULATOR AND DUPLEXER

Antenna

Rx
Tx

+72dBm

NC
BS

+72dBm
16kW
DUPLXER
LOAD

LNA

CIRCULATOR, DUPLEXER AND LIMITER

Antenna
LOAD
Rx
Tx

+55dBm

NC
LIMITER

+72dBm
16kW

~ 300W

DUPLXER

BS

LNA

THANK
YOU