Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SPS311 - Physical Conditioning Mohd Fadzil B. HJ Kamarudin Uitm
SPS311 - Physical Conditioning Mohd Fadzil B. HJ Kamarudin Uitm
SPS311 - Physical Conditioning Mohd Fadzil B. HJ Kamarudin Uitm
ATPas
e
P P P P P P
ADENOSINE ADENOSINE ENERGY
i i i i i i
(ATP (ADP
) )
When the third phosphate on the ATP molecule is separated from adenosine by the action
of ATPase, energy is released.
Biological Energy Systems
3 main energy systems
Phosphagen system (anaerobic system:
absence of O2 molecule).
○ Primarily for short-term, high-intensity activities.
○ E.g. resistance training, sprinting, power lifting.
○ Phosphagen system cannot supply energy for
continuous, long-duration activities.
○ ATP & creatine phosphate are stored in muscle in
small amounts.
○ Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers.
Biological Energy Systems
3 main energy systems
Glycolysis system, of which there are two
types: fast glycolysis (anaerobic) & slow
gylcolysis (aerobic).
Glycolysis is the breakdown of carbohydrate –
either glycogen stored in the muscle or glucose
delivered in the blood.
During fast glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to
lactic acid, providing energy (ATP) at a fast rate
compared with slow glycolysis, in which
pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria for
use in the oxidative system.
Biological Energy Systems
3 main energy systems
The Oxidative (Aerobic) System
Primarily source of ATP at rest & during low-
intensity activities & uses primarily carbohydrates
& fats as substrates.
At rest approximately 70% of the ATP produced is
derived from fats & 30% from carbohydrate.
During high-intensity aerobic exercise, almost
100% of the energy is derived from carbohydrate.
During prolonged, submaximal, steady state
work, gradual shift from carbohydrate back to fats
& protein as energy substrates.
Effect of Event Duration on Primary Energy System Used
Lactate threshold
Exercise economy
Fuel utilization
Training frequency
Exercise duration
Training intensity
Exercise mode
Exercise mode refers to the specific activity performed
by the athlete:
Cycling, running, swimming, rowing, and so on.