Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mark Scheme
Mark Scheme
OF BIOLOGY
Prepared by:
Mr. Zulkarnain Jamaluddin
SMK Tengku Abdullah, Pekan.
Penceramah
Nama: Zulkarnain bin Jamaluddin
Umur: 36 tahun
Gred: DG44
Opsyen: Biologi dan Sains
Sejarah Pendidikan:
1986-1991 SK Panching Selatan
1992-1996 SMK Panching Selatan
1997-1998 Pusat Matrikulasi (UKM) Kuala Pilah
1998-2001 UKM, Bangi.
Pengalaman Mengajar:
2001-2006: SMK Dato Mahmud Mat, Pekan.
2007-2014: SMK Seri Pekan.
2015- Kini: SMK Tengku Abdullah, Pekan.
Penulisan
Menghasilkan Modul Sempoi
Biologi tingkatan 4 dan 5.
Laman web
www.iamchampion.blogspot.com
Introduction
PART
Number of
Question
Option
Time
suggested
Time
suggested for
each question
Difficulty
Weight age
PAPER 2
(STRUCTURE)
5
PAPER 2
(ESSAY)
4
Compulsory
Only 2
questions
One hour
18 minutes
30 minutes
(including revise (including revise
time)
time)
Easy and medium
Easy, medium
and high
30%
20%
Seminar and workshop
of Biology
Paper Two
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2014
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
Q
1(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
Correct
Reject
1. Unicellular
organisati
on.
2. Multicellul
ar
Cell
M: Contractile vacuole.
P1: (Fresh) water is hypotonic to
Amoeba sp. / vice versa
P2: water (molecules) diffuse/
enter / move into the contractile
vacuole.
P3: by osmosis
[Any two]
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
Q
Correct
1(b P1: Water diffuses/ enter/ move into the
)
contractile vacuole
(ii) P2: Contractile vacuole expand / enlarges
to maximum size
P3: Contractile vacuole moves to the cell
membrane
P4: Contractile vacuole contract
P5: Expel / release (out)/ eliminate/
excrete/ remove/ discharge/ pump out
P6: prevent bursting // osmoregulation
occurs
Reject
flow/
go
bigger
Secrete
explod
e
1 (c)
P1 Food vacuole formed // phagosome is formed.
P2 Lysosome fused with food vacuole // Lysosome
contains lysozyme/ enzyme.
P3 (hyrolytic) enzyme is released into food
vacuole.
P4 (hydrolytic) enzyme digest/ breakdown /
hydrolyse the bacteria/ food particle.
P5 Nutrients/ digested food are absorbed/ diffused
(into cytoplasm).
P6 Waste product / undigested food are excreted
out / expel.
[Reject: secreted out / remove]
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
10
2(a)(i) Prophase 1.
[Reject: Prophase II / Prophase]
(ii) P1 Chromosomes (begin to) condense/
shorten / thicken/ tightly coiled / thicker.
P2 Homologous chromosomes pair up.
P3 Synapsis occur
P4 Form bivalents/ tetrad.
P5 Crossing overs
P6 At chiasma /chiasmata.
P7 Exchange of genetic materials.
P8 Recombination of gene / new combination
of gene.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
11
2(b)
F Crossing over
F1 Variation // variety of species /
organisms.
E1 better quality products.
E2 High resistance against diseases// High
adaptation towards changes in
environment.
E3 Survival of species/ organism// Prevent
extinction of the species/ organisms.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
12
(c)(i)
Centrioles
(c)(ii)
F1 Abnormal gametes
E1 Spindle fibres will not formed
E2 Homologous chromosomes will not be separated //
Sister chromatid / chromosome will not separated.
E3 During anaphase I / II.
E4 Number of chromosomes in the gamete is not haploid /
reduced / unequal.
E5 Mutation occurs / any suitable example.
[Reject: gene mutation / albinism/ cell-sickle
anemia]
E6 Abnormality in the offspring.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
13
(d)
N
o
F:
Example
C: Cause of
disease
S: Symptom
Lacking of gene to
produce pigment
melanin in the skin /
gene mutation
Albino
14
(d)
No
F:
Example
C: Cause of disease
S: Symptom
Colour
blindness
Cause by a recessive
allele found on the X
chromosome / gene
mutation
S1: unable to
distinguish between
red and green colors
Thalassae
mia
Cause by a recessive
gene (and affect the
haemoglobin in red
blood cell) / gene
mutation.
Downs
Syndrome
An extra chromosome
S1: mentally retarded
number 21 /
S2: flat facial features
chromosomal mutation with a small nose
S3: slanted eyes
Any suitable features.
Turners
Syndrome
15
(d)
No
F:
Example
C: Cause of disease
S: Symptom
Klinefelter An extra X
s
chromosome/ number
Syndrome of chromosome is 47/
44+XXY/ chromosomal
mutation
Polydactyl
y
Genetic mutation on
chromosome number
7/ gene mutation
Huntingto
ns
Disease
10
Sickle-cell
anemia
S1: fatique
S2: dizziness
S3: headaches
S4:and
jaundice
Seminar
workshop of Biology
Paper Two
16
(d)
N
o
F: Example
C: Cause of
disease
S: Symptom
11 Cancer
C1 inherited by
parents (before birth)
during pregnancy
C2 gene mutation
C3 occur after birth
due to smoking/
expose to radiation/
virus/ carcinogen/
imbalance hormone
12 Type of
mutation:
i. Gene
ii. chromoso
me
C1 radiation
C2 Chemicals/
carcinorgen
Any example of
disease / F/
Symptom (but must
be tele with gene or
chromosome
mutation)
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
17
3(a)
S: Adrenal gland / cortex / medulla
T: Pancreas
3(b)(i)
Insulin// glucagon
18
3(b)(ii)
P1 Blood sugar/ glucose level higher/ excess
glucose (than normal range).
P2 (more) insulin secreted / produced /
released (by pancreas).
P3 (stimulate)/ (excess) glucose converted
to glycogen.
[Reject: changed/ transformed]
P4 stored in liver / muscle.
OR
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
19
3(b)(ii)
P1 Blood sugar level lower (than
normal range)
P2 Glucagon secreted/ produced/
released (by pancreas).
P3 glycogen converted to glucose
(in liver).
P4 blood glucose increase.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
20
(c)
P1 Concentration of amino acids in blood
plasma is higher than in urine / accept
any statement that shows comparison.
[Reject: statement using value]
P2 All / 100% amino acids
P3 Reabsorption occur/ reabsorbed (into
the blood capillary / plasma/ stream)
P4 by active transport
P5 at the proximal (convulated) tubule.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
21
3(d)(i)
P1 Kidney fails to acts as an osmoregulatory organ.
P2 Osmoregulation does not occur/ osmotic pressure
cannot be controlled.
[Reject: water cannot be regulated]
P3: Reabsorbtion of water/ ultrafitration cannot occur //
secretion of urea cannot occur
P4 No/ less urine formed // accumulation of water in the
body// urea cannot be pumped out/ secreted out from
blood of high concentration of urea in the blood.
P5 Imbalance / increase/ decrease of blood osmotic
pressure/ blood become toxic/ concentrated/ dilute.
P6 High / low content of water in the blood (depending on
water intake).
P7 cause death / oedema/ dehydrate / high blood
pressure/ coma
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
22
3(d)(ii)
P1 Blood flows through a semi-permeable tubing
P2 dialysis fluid is isotonic / similar
concentration to the blood (plasma)
P3 (As blood flows) urea which is higher
concentration in the blood.
P4 diffuse across the tubing (wall)
P5 into the dialysis fluid
P6 which has a lower concentration of urea
P7 urea is eliminated / excreted from the blood.
[Reject: Urea is removed]
P8 The osmotic pressure of the blood back to
normal/ maintain
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
23
4(a)
Tall, white flower
Short, purple flower
(b)(i)
TTbb
Tb
ttBB
Tb
(b)(ii) Tall, purple fower
(c)(i) 3/16 // 0.19 // 19% //
18.75% // 0.1875
(c)(ii) 9/16 // 0.56 // 56%
24
TB
Tb
tB
tb
TTBB
TTBb
TtBB
TtBb
Tb
TTBb
TTbb
TtBb
Ttbb
tB
TtBB
TtBb
ttBB
ttBb
tb
TtBb
Ttbb
ttBb
ttbb
25
4(e)
Tall,
purple
flower
9
:
Tall,
white
flower
3
:
Short,
purple
flower
3
:
Short,
white
flower
1
26
(f)
P1 During meiosis // during gamete
formation
P2 each pair of alleles separate /
segregate.
P3 each member of a pair of alleles
may combine randomly with either/
any member of another pair of
alleles // TB/ Tb/ tb/ tB
P4 Law of Independent assortment.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
27
5(a)(i)
J: Inhalation // breath in //
inspiration / inhale
K: Exhalation // Breath out//
expiration/ exhale
28
5 (a)(ii)
Criteria
External
intercostal
muscles
Internal
intercostal
muscles
Diaphragm
Rib cage
Volume of
thoracic
J
Contract
Relax
Relax
Contract
Contract/
flattens/ move
down
Move upwards/
outwards
Relax/ curves
upwards / dome
shape/ curve
Moves downwards/
inwards. [reject:
chest]
Decreases
Increases
29
30
5(c)
P1 vigorous activity needs / use (more)
energy
P2 supply of oxygen is less (than oxygen
needed)/ not sufficient of oxygen
P3 anaerobic respiration occurs
P4 oxygen debt occurs // less energy is
produced / 150 kJ/ 2ATP
P5 Lactic acid formed
P6 lactic acid accumulated
P7 cause muscle fatigue
[reject: muscle cramp]
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
31
6(a)(i)
F Plant wilts
E1 plant is added with excess fertilizer// less/ no water in
the soil // exposed to (high) sunlight // any suitable
explanation.
E2 the soil water is hypotonic to the cell (sap)// (more)
water lost through transpiration / evaporate // rate of
transpiration high // rate of evaporation high
E3 water diffuses out / moves out of the cell / down the
concentration gradient.
E4 by osmosis
E5 cytoplasm / vacuole shrinks/ become smaller
[reject: contract]
E6 plasma membrane moves/ pulls away/ detached from
the cell wall
E7 plasmolysis occurs // plant cell flaccid
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
32
6(a)(ii)
33
6(b)
F At point R the concentration of sodium chloride
solution is 0% / distilled water.
F1 all/ 100% of red blood cells is haemolysed.
E1 0% of sodium chloride/ distilled water is
hypotonic to red blood cell.
E2 water diffuse/ enter/ move into the cell/ red blood
cell
E3 by osmosis
E4 Red blood cell expand / swell
E5 and burst
E6 cell membrane cannot withstand the high /
turgor/ hydrolytic pressure
E7 because cell membrane is very thin / weak // red
blood cell has no cell wall
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
34
6(b)
F2 At point S the concentration sodium
chloride solution 0.85%/ [0.80%-0.90%]
F3 0%/ No red blood cells is haemolysed
E8 0.85%/ [0.80%-0.90%] of sodium chloride
solution / at point S is an isotonic solution//
the concentration of sodium chloride solution
is equal / same as red blood cells / cell
E9 number/ rate of water molecules diffuse in
and out of the cell is the same/ net
movement of water molecules is zero.
E10 by osmosis
E11 cells in normal/ maintain its shape
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
35
7(a)
Stage I
F pituitary (gland) secrete LH.
P1 High level of LH in the blood.
P2 (stimulates) ovulation
P3 Secondary oocyte / ovum is released
Stage II
P4 (LH stimulates) the development/
formation of corpum luteum
P5 (LH stimulates) corpus luteum to
secrete progesterone/ oestrogen and
progesterone
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
36
7(b)(i)
37
Causes
P1 Corpus luteum degenerates/ disintegrate/
reduce in size/ smaller
P2 ovum/ secondary oocyte not fertilised//
fertilisation does not occur
P3 No/ Low level of progesterone
P4 Lining of uterus wall/ endometrium
disintegrates/ breakdown/ regress/ rupture/
menses occur/ menstruation
[reject: Collapse]
Effect
P5 No implantation
P6 No pregnancy
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
38
Cambium divides by
mitosis (tangentialy)
inwards toward the pith
E2 (vascular) cambium
does not divides by
mitosis
Cambium divides by
mitosis (tangentially)
outwards towards
epidermis.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
39
X
F3: smaller diameter /
radius
E3: vascular cambium not
divides by mitosis to form
secondary xylem and
phloem
F4: No cork/ cork
cambium.
E4: No cork cambium to
divide by mitosis to form
cork
F5: No bark// Has
epidermis
E5: No (external) cork
layer
Y
Larger diameter/ radius
Vascular cambium divides
by mitosis to form
secondary xylem and
phloem
Has cork/ cork cambium.
Cork cambium divides by
mitosis to form cork
towards bark
Has bark.
Has (external) cork layer.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
40
(vascular) cambium
divides by mitosis radially
sideways.
41
7(c)(ii)
42
8(a)
P1: The food chain shows the flow energy from one
trophic level to another trophic level // shows the flow
of energy from paddy plant to caterpillar/ caterpillar
to bird/ bird to eagle.
P2: (The longer the food chain the) lower/ least the
energy received by the last consumer/ eagle// 10% of
energy is transferred from one level to the other
level// 90% of energy loss
P3: 90% of energy is lost as respiration/ reproduction/
any suitable process/ activity
P4: The paddy plant received the (highest) energy from
the sun.
P5 The light energy (from the sun) will be converted to
chemical energy/ food
P6: through photosynthesis
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
43
44
45
46
47
8(b)
Excess fertilizers used
P1: Excess fertilisers which has very high content of
nitrates/ phosphates dissolved in the rain water/ flow into
the nearby stream / river.
P2 enhances/ stimulates the growth of algae// causes algae
to grow rapidly.
P3 which leads to eutrophication // algal bloom
P4: The alga covers the surface of the stream / river and
blocking sunlight to penetrate into the water.
P5: causes aquatics plants rate of photosynthesis lower/no
photosynthesis// lower the rate of photosynthesis of
aquatic plants.
P6: less oxygen released.
P7: aquatic organisms rate of respiration lower.
P8: (aquatic organism) competing with the algae for oxygen.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
48
49
8(b)
50
9(a)(i)
Individual U
P1: Leads to gastric ulser/ gastritis
P2: (because) no food (in the stomach)
P3: Gastric glands secrete (much) gastric juice
P4: (Gastric juice) contains hydrochloric acid/
acid
P5: acts on/ corrodes the lining of the (epithelial
lining of) the stomach wall
P6: damage the cells/ tissues of the stomach/
internal bleeding/ inflammation
P7: causing abdominal pain/ nausea/vomitting
P8: develop into a hole/ wound in stomach wall.
[any five]
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
51
9(a)(ii)
Individual W
P1: Bulimia
P2: maintain body mass/ fear of gaining weight
P3: cause depression/ anxiety/ stress
[accept: psychological diseases]
P4: lacking/ imbalance of mineral ions/ nutrients
P5: (serious) damage/ injury/ inflammation to the
digestive tract/ esophagus
P6: purging/ diarrhea
P7: causing abdominal pain/ muscle fatigue/ ulcer/
constipation/ edema/ dehydration/ bloating/ mouth
problem/ dizziness/ any correct example
P8: leads to cardiovascular diseases/ kidney damage
[any five]
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
52
9(b)
P1: Nasi lemak contains carbohydrate/ fats/ cholesterol
P2: provides energy/ building block for complex
molecules/ DNA/ RNA/ glycogen
P3: excess carbohydrate cause obesity/ diabetic
P4: coconut milk in nasi lemak contains cholesterol/ fats/
mineral/ calcium/ ferum/ vitamin
P5: Fried chicken/ egg/ ground nuts/ chilli gravy contain
protein/ fat/ minerals/ vitamin.
P6: Protein is needed to build new cells/ for growth/ cell
division/ repair cells
P7: excess of protein causes gout/ kidney failure/ liver
failure/ increase acid uric level in blood
P8: vitamin is needed for good health// any suitable
function
P9: any example of correct vitamin and function.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
53
54
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2013
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
55
SPM 2013
Q
1(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Correct
Reject
P: Glycerol
Q: Fatty acids
P: 1 (molecule)
Q: 3 (molecule)
Process X: Condensation/
Esterification
P1: (1 molecule) glycogen/ P combine Hydroge
n bond
with (3 molecules) fatty acids/ Q (to
form triglyceride).
P2: Bond formed// covalent bond.
P3: Involves removal of water//water
is produced/ released.
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
56
SPM 2013
Q
1(c)
Correct
Reject
57
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
1(d Effect:
P1: Cardiovascular disease/ any suitable
)
Reject
Thromb
osis
Explanation:
P2: The individual consumes excess fats/lipids
P3: (accumulation) of fats/lipids/
cholesterol/calcium deposited on the (inner)
wall (of the artery)// atherosclerosis
P4: lumen narrower/smaller
P5: producing high resistance (to blood flow)//
blood pressure high
P6: artery (wall) become harden/
arteriosclerosis
P7: blocks/slow down/insufficient/prevent blood
flow
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
P8: weakened the heart muscle
58
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
1(e) P1: consume balance diet//
consume less oily food
according to food pyramid// eat
more fruits/ vegetables//
healthy eating habit
P2: practise healthy lifestyle//
not smoking// not taking
alcohol// not stress// sleep
Exercis
early/enough
e
P3: regular exercise// jogging
every morning.
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
59
SPM 2013
Q
2(a)
(b)
(c)
Correct
Reject
Q: Transport vesicle
S
transports synthesised
proteins
P1: semi-permeable
P2: allows small particle/ same size
(as pore) to pass through it
P3: acts selectively/ allows certain
molecules/ substances to pass
through// control/ regulate the
movement of substances to cross it//
facilitated diffusion// active transport
P4: dynamic/ fluidity/ flexible
P5: contains phospholipid
Seminar and workshop of Biology
(molecules)/ proteins/ cholesterol
Paper Two
60
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
2 (d) P1: R is Golgi apparatus
P2: modifies protein into enzymes
P3: packages the enzyme
P4: into secretory vesicles
P5: move to plasma membrane
P6: fused with plasma membrane
P7: (enzyme) secreted/ released out
of the cell
(e)
P1: the organelle is chloroplast/
animal does not have chloroplast
P2: do not need to absorb light energy
P3: does not carry out photosynthesis
P4: animal is heterotroph//holozoic
nutrition
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
61
Q
2(e)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct
Reject
P1: contains stored food/ glucose/
Starch
sugar/ carbohydrate/ act as storage
organ
P2: for growth of plant/ forms new
leaves
Does
P3: no photosynthesis occurs
not
P4 no absorption of light energy (so need
does not need chloroplast/
light
chlorophyll)
energy
P1: slow growth// still can grow/
germinate
P2: storage food (in scale leaf) is
used// does not need carry out
photosynthesis
P3: onion bulb shrinks/ become
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
smaller
62
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
3(a)(i)
(ii)
Continuous variation
Discontinuous variation
Can be measured//
quantitative
Cannot be
measured//qualitative
Influenced by environment
factor (and genetic factor)
Controlled by several
genes/pairs of allele
63
SPM 2013
Q
3(b)
Correct
P1: during meiosis
P2: gametes received/ has/
inherited (allele) IO, IA,IB
P3: during fertilization/ fuse
Reject
Combin
e/meet
64
SPM 2013
Q
3(c)
(d)
Correct
P1: Grey-colored moth adapted
better (to the environment)//
Environment more suitable for greycolored moth
P2: by camouflage
P3: avoid from predators
P4 better survival// Avoid extinction
P1: no variation/ varieties
P2: (From) clones
P3: contain same genetic material
P4: same body resistance
P5: lower/ no body resistance//
could not resist infection
Reject
65
SPM 2013
Q
Correct
Reject
Keep the
body warm
Protect
internal
organ
(ii)
66
SPM 2013
Q
4(c)
Correct
Reject
R
F1: more active/ stimulated
E1: to release (more) sweat//
Flat/flatten
sweat evaporates
/ drop
E2: (more) heat lost/ absorb (in
*All parts
sweat)
must be
S
answer to
F2:S/ erector muscle relaxes//
give 5
become thinner
marks.
E2: down/ lay down
If any part
T
did not
F3: the hair slant/ lay down/lie
answer,
E3: less air trapped// more heat
max mark
loss// less insulation
given only
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
4
67
SPM 2013
Q
4(d)
Correct
F1: acts as a (physical) protective
layer/ first line body defense
E1: prevents from invasions of
pathogens
F2: has sebum/ lysozyme
E2: traps/ kills bacteria/ inhibit
bacteria growth
F3: act as excretory organ
E3: excrete sweat/ urea/
water/mineral/salt/ waste product
F4: act as sensory organ
E4: detect the external
stimuli/pain/pressure/touch
Reject
Toxic
waste
Heat/cold
*if F2
wrong, E2
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
rejected
68
SPM 2013
Q
5(a)
Correct
Reject
F: M is Xylem
F1: has lignified wall
E1: strengthened (the vessel
from collapsing)/ prevent the
(vessel) from collapsing
E2: to withstand (the change of )
water pressure
F2: (long) hollow/ narrow/ opened
ended/ open end to end
E3: (ensure) continuous flow of
Transport
water
water from
E4: produce capillary action
root to leaf
E5:Adhesion/ cohesion forces
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
69
SPM 2013
Q
5(b)
(i)
Correct
Rejec
t
F: K is transpiration
F1: to cool the plant/ to regulate/
maintain plant temperature
E1: water absorb heat from the plant
F2: transpirational pull is created
E2: to evaporate/ to become water vapor
F3: for turgidity of the plant/ to maintain
the osmotic pressure of the plant
E3: continuous flow of water from root
(to leaves)
F4: transport minerals/ water
E4: support the plant// provide
(mechanical) support
E5: for the growth/ health ofSeminar
the and
plant/
workshop of Biology
Paper Two
photosynthesis
70
SPM 2013
Correct
Rejec
t
5(b)
(ii)
(c)
71
SPM 2013
Q
5(d
)
Correct
Cell L
Closely/
vertically
arranged// tightly
packed
Contains more
chloroplast
Have a
rectangular/
cylindrical shape
Reject
Spongy
Mesophyll cell
Loosely arranged
Contains less
chloroplast
Have an
oval/irregular/
spherical/ round
shape
Chlorophy
ll
Fix shape/
not fix
Regular/
irregular
72
Correct
5(e)
Day
Night
F1 Turgid
Flaccid
E2 Higher rate of
photosynthesis
No photosynthesis
E3 Glucose content in
guard cell high
Glucose content in
guard cell low/less
Stoma close
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
73
ESSAY
SPM 13
74
75
76
Semasa
berehat
16
Semasa
aktiviti
cergas
30
77
Mark Scheme
Breathing rate when doing vigorous
activity is higher than during resting
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
To oxidise glucose
For energy production
More carbon dioxide is produced
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
78
79
80
SPM 2013
6(c
)
P1
P2
P3
Less energy
produced//150kJ// 2ATP
P4
P5
P6
P7
81
Rajah 6.3(a)
Rajah 6.3(b)
82
SPM 2013
6(d
)
Sample answer
Reject
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
Alveolus
shrink/
smaller
83
84
SPM 2013
7(a)
Sample answer
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
Rejec
t
Seminar
and workshop
of Biology
diagram,
max.
mark
If candidates answer in schematic
Paper Two
given are 2 marks only.
85
86
SPM 2013
7(b)
Sample answer
P1
P2
On X chromosome
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
87
SPM 2013
Parental
phenotyp
e
Normal male
X
Parental
genotype
Haemopjilia female
XHY
XhXh
Meiosis
Gametes
XH
Xh
Xh
XHXh
XHXh
XhY
XhY
Fertilisatio
n
Genotype
of offspring
88
89
SPM 2013
7(c
)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
Efficient cellular
respiration
P7
Normal healthy
individual
90
91
SPM 2013
7(d
)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P1
0
92
93
8(a)
(i)
F1
Sample Answer
Kept longer// avoid wastage/ save money/ kill
microorganism/ prevent bacteria growth
P1
F2
P2
F3
P3
Adding flavouring
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
94
8(a)
(i)
F4
P4
95
SPM 2013
8(a)
(ii)
F1
E1
E2
F2
E3
E4
F3
E5
Sample Answer
Low nutrient content
High temperature destroys vitamin/
nutrient
Leads to dizziness/ weakness/
malnutrition
High carcinogenic substances// benzoic
acid lead to cancer
Colouring/ preservative/ stabiliser/
additive leads to cancer
Enhances mutation
High content of sugarSeminar and workshop of Biology
Two
Increase blood sugar Paper
level
96
SPM 2013
8(a)
(ii)
F4
E7
E8
F5
E9
E10
Sample Answer
High content of sugar
Increase blood osmotic pressure
Leads to high blood pressure//
hypertension
High content of fats
Increase body mass
Leads to obesity/
cardiovascular disease
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
97
98
SPM 2013
8(b
Sample Answer
)
F1
(in food pyramid), the higher the level of
the class of food placed, the lower the
quantity of food needed// balance diet
E1
Level 1 contains (the class of food of)
carbohydrates
E2
Provides (high amount of) energy
E3
Lack of carbohydrates leads to tiredness/
marasmus
E4
Excess of carbohydrate leads to obesity
E5
Level 2 contains (the class of food of)
vitamin/ mineral/ fibre
E6 For health/ the function of metabolism
Seminar and workshop of Biology
in the body// Vitamin Paper
A for
eyesight
Two
99
SPM 2013
8(b)
Sample Answer
E7
E8
E9
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
10
10
SPM 2013
9(a)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
Sample Answer
Release green house gases/ CO2/
Methane/NO2/NO
Carbon dioxide trapped (at atmosphere)
Trapped heat
Increase the (environment) temperature
Leads to green house effect/ global
warming
Denatured the enzyme (for
photosynthesis)
Slower/ lower rate of photosynthesis
Growth rate of the plants slower
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Reduces plants population/
crop yields// 10
Paper Two
SPM2013
10
SPM2013
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(i)
Sample answer
P1
P2
A balanced ecosystem
P3
Source of water
P4
Breeding places
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
Ecotourism attraction
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(ii)
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
10
SPM2013
9(b)
(ii)
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
10
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2012
10
Correct answer
Reject
1(a)
(i)
P: Cell wall
Q: vacuole
(ii)
Component P: Cellulose
Content Q: Cell sap/ water/ mineral
salts/ sugar/ glucose/ amino acids/
nutrient/ waste products/ oxygen/CO2/
Enzyme
(b)
(c)
Tonoplas
Plant
turgid
10
Q
d(i)
Correct answer
Specialisation
(ii)
Reject
Empty
Any
explanati
on on
tracheid
11
Q
2(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct answer
Reject
R
Because the number of
Dilute/
water molecule in R is more/ concentrat
the number of solute
ed
molecule in R is less (than S)
Note: a(i) and a(ii) are
dependent
C1: The level of solution in
region R is lower/ S is higher
C2: The no. of sucrose
molecules in both region R
and S are maintained.
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
11
Q
2(a)
(iv)
(b)(i)
(ii)
Correct answer
Osmosis
Reject
11
Q
2(b)
(iii)
(c)
Correct answer
Flaccid/plasmolysed
Reject
11
Correct answer
3(a)
Aspect
Type of cell
division
Cell P
Meiosis/ Meiosis I
Cell Q
Mitosis
Stage of
Metaphase I
cell division
Metaphase
Chromoso
mal
behaviour
Q1: Chromosome/
sister chromatid
align/ arrange on
the metaphase/
equator plate.
11
Q
3(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Correct answer
Reject
45
Turners Syndrome
Turners
disease
11
Q
3(c)
(i)
(ii)
Correct answer
Reject
P1: (The cell is exposed to)
Gene
radioactive/ radiations/ xmutatio
rays/uv / carcinogenic
n/
chemical/ formaldehyde/
Genetic
Benzene/ food preservative/
mutatio
food coloring/ asbestos/
n
mustard gases// Mutation/
chromosomal mutation
P2: causes drastic change in
the chromosomal number//
non-disjunction
P3: the gamete formed has
extra one (X) chromosome/
lack of one (X) chromosome.
P4: the zygote formed/
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
produced is lack/ lessTwoof one
11
Correct answer
Rejec
t
4(a)
Process K: Colonisation
Process L: Succession
(b)(i)
(ii)
11
Q
Correct answer
4(b E3:(cause) eutrophication occur/ algal
)(ii) bloom/ more alga prevent/ cover the
surface
E4: Block the sunlight to penetrate into the
pond//photosynthesis does not occur/
decrease/less O2 dissolve
E5: lead to death of aquatic organism//
increase the no. population of
bacteria/micro.
E6: increase BOD/ water pollution
(iii) P1: Pond in stage IV had undergo
colonisation/or succession process while
Stage I not.
P2: Pond in stage IV is shallower compared
to in Stage I
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
P3: More sediment deposited
at the base of
11
Q
(c)(i)
Correct answer
Plant
(ii)
(iii)
P
Q
Reject
Total
number
16
5
P
P1: Total/population/ frequency
of plant P is bigger/ more than
plant Q// Population P cover
bigger/ wide area
P2: Plant P is more adapted/
competitive compared to plant
Q
Seminar
and workshop of Biology Paper
(Note: (c)(ii) and (c)(iii)
are
Two
11
Correct answer
Rejec
t
5(a)
(i)
(ii)
Box 1: TG
Box 2: tg
Tall and green
(b)(i)
(ii)
(c)(i)
T,G or
t,g
12
Q
(c)(ii)
Correct answer
E1: During meiosis// prophase I//
metaphase I/II
E2: Independent assortment of
chromosome occurs/ Mendel Second
Law// crossing over// exchange in
genetic materials
E3: Random combination of alleles take
place
E4: in gamete formation
E5: Produce variation in gamete
E6: random fertilisation takes place
E7: different/ new genotype of offspring
Seminar and workshop of Biology Paper
Two
12
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2011
12
SPM 2011
Correct
1 (a)(i) R: Muscle cell
Reject
muscle only without cell.
Transport blood/
oxygenated blood/
deoxygenated blood
Transform/ change
glucose to glycogen
12
Correct
1(d) converts/
coagulates/ solidify/
curding caseinogen to
casein.
HCl- destroy most
bacteria/ kill bacteria
2(b) the water diffuses
out
2(d) the concentration of
salt solution is higher/
hypertonic to cell sap
the plant cells become
dehydrated
Reject
Breakdown/ hydrolyse
caseinogen to casein
HCl- to stop amylase
action.
The water flow out
The concentration of salt
solution is higher to the
vegetables.
The plant cells looses
water
12
Correct
Reject
More flexible
12
Correct
5(c) high intake of
glucose/ sugar/
carbohydrate
Excess glucose in R is
not reabsorbed into the
blood capillary thus
urine has much glucose
5(d) more water is
reabsorbed
Reject
Blood glucose level is
too high. Due to high
level of glucose in blood
Explanation on kidney
failure
Water is reabsorbed
12
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY
2010
12
Correct
1(a)(i) S: Rough
endoplasmic reticulum/
Rough ER
1(a)(ii) chromosomes
carry/ contain genetic
information/ material/
genes/ genetic code
1(b) the production of
extracellular enzyme is
incomplete/ no
production of enzyme//
protein.
(w/o Golgi apparatus)
the protein cannot be
modified
Reject
Endoplasmic reticulum/
RER
Contain DNA
12
Correct
2(c) Cytoplasm shrink//
Vacuole smaller
2(d) change in color of
food
change in taste of food
3(a) Meiosis I/ Meiosis/
Meiotic division
3 (b)(i) Pairing of
homologous
chromosomes/ synapsis.
Exchange of genetic
material/ genes//
crossing over
3(c) to form diploid
zygote.
Reject
Cell shrink
Different color
Different taste
Meiosis II
w/o homologous.
Crossing over between
chromatids/
chromosomes/non- sister
chromatids.
w/o diploid.
Seminar and workshop of Biology
Paper Two
12
Correct
3(d)(iii) Lack of one X
chromosome
3(d)(iv) causes
chromosomal mutation
4(c) hydrolisis takes
place.
Enzyme/ trypsin/
protease acts on
protein X.
Bond is broken down.
To form dipeptides/
peptides.
4(e)(ii) wash in cold
water/ warm water// do
not wash in water of
high temperature//keep
Reject
Lack of one sex
chromosome
Gene mutation// change
structure of chromosome
Breakdown takes place.
Pepsin/ erepsin/
peptidase.
w/o bond.
Amino acids
13
Correct
Reject
5(d) difficulty in
movement/ walking/
cannot walk properly.
Pain/ swelling/ stiffness
at the joints
Injuries to
tendon/ligament.
13
E7
E8
E9
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
13
6(b)
F1
E1
F2
E2
F3
13
13
13
6(C)
Problem
Method
Explanation
Sperms collected and
concentrated before
insemination
Ovum and sperm are
mixed together in
petri dish
13
problem
P4:
insufficient/
imbalance of
hormone
P5: Absent of
sperm in
semens//
abnormal
sperm/
Azoospermia
Method
Explanation
Injection of
To stimulate
hormone/ FSH the
development
of Follicles
Artificial
Sperms are
Insemination chosen from
sperm bank
13
7(c)
C1
Parents
genotype
C2
Meiosis
C3
Gametes
C4
Fertilisatio
n
C5
Offsprings
genotype
C6
Offsprings
phenotype
C7
x
BB
bb
Bb
Bb
Bb
Bb
Balck fur
Black fur
13
13
7(c) Explain why the first child who is Rhpositive survive but the second child who is
also Rh-positive does not survive
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
14