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    Dunia Dan Keanekaragaman Mikrobia: Pertemuan 2

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    Suhaila Zakiya Najah
    This document discusses the evolution of microbial classification schemes over time. It describes how classification was originally based on external appearance and morphology but now incorporates genetic and molecular analysis. It outlines six major classification frameworks from Aristotle to the present day, showing how the understanding of microbial diversity and relationships has developed. The modern microbial systematics approach integrates numerical, chemical, and molecular techniques to classify microbes based on their genetic signatures and relationships.

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    Dunia Dan Keanekaragaman Mikrobia: Pertemuan 2

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    Suhaila Zakiya Najah
    5 views22 pages
    This document discusses the evolution of microbial classification schemes over time. It describes how classification was originally based on external appearance and morphology but now incorporates genetic and molecular analysis. It outlines six major classification frameworks from Aristotle to the present day, showing how the understanding of microbial diversity and relationships has developed. The modern microbial systematics approach integrates numerical, chemical, and molecular techniques to classify microbes based on their genetic signatures and relationships.

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    pertemuan kedus

    Original Title

    Mikro 2nd meeting

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    This document discusses the evolution of microbial classification schemes over time. It describes how classification was originally based on external appearance and morphology but now incorporates genetic and molecular analysis. It outlines six major classification frameworks from Aristotle to the present day, showing how the understanding of microbial diversity and relationships has developed. The modern microbial systematics approach integrates numerical, chemical, and molecular techniques to classify microbes based on their genetic signatures and relationships.

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    5 views22 pages

    Dunia Dan Keanekaragaman Mikrobia: Pertemuan 2

    Uploaded by

    Suhaila Zakiya Najah
    This document discusses the evolution of microbial classification schemes over time. It describes how classification was originally based on external appearance and morphology but now incorporates genetic and molecular analysis. It outlines six major classification frameworks from Aristotle to the present day, showing how the understanding of microbial diversity and relationships has developed. The modern microbial systematics approach integrates numerical, chemical, and molecular techniques to classify microbes based on their genetic signatures and relationships.

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    of 22

    Pertemuan 2

    Dunia dan Keanekaragaman


    Mikrobia

    EVOLUTION OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES


    Traditio
    nal

    Plantae
    Plantae

    Haeckel
    1866

    Bacteria

    Protista

    Plant

    Animalia

    Protozoa

    Fungi

    Algae

    Protozo
    a

    Animalia
    Bacteria

    Animalia

    Prokaryot
    Fungi

    Plant

    Fungi

    Plant

    Fungi

    Archea

    Bacteria

    Archaea

    Animalia

    Protista

    Eukaryot

    Chatton
    1937

    Woese,
    Kandler,
    Wheelis,
    1990

    Algae

    Plantae
    Plantae

    Whittak
    er,
    1959

    Fungi

    Animalia

    Bacteria

    Algae

    Bacteria

    Protista

    Protozz
    oa

    Algae

    Monera

    Animalia

    Bacteria

    Animalia

    Eukarya

    Plantae

    Algae

    Protozoa

    Fungi dan Algae

    Keanekaragaman Hayati
    Keanekaragaman genetik
    Keanekaragaman spesies
    Keanekaragaman ekosistem

    Keanekaragaman Mikrobia
    Biological species
    concept?

    Nomenspecies concept
    Taxospecies concept
    Genospecies concept
    Genomic species concept

    Sejarah Klasifikasi Organisme


    Aristoteles (400BC-mid 1800a)
    Linnaeus (1700-an)
    E. Haeckel (1866)
    E. Chatton (1937)
    R.H. Whittaker (1969)
    C. Woese (1978)
    C.J. Bult (1996)

    Dasar Klasifikasi (1)


    Aristoteles s/d Linnaeus :
    Kenampakan luar
    Organisme
    Dua dunia
    Kehidupan :
    - Plantae
    - Animalia

    Dasar Klasifikasi (2)


    E. Haeckel (1866)
    Morfologi Mikroskopis
    3 (tiga) dunia
    kehidupan
    1. Plantae
    2. Animalia
    3. Prostista

    Dasar Klasifikasi (3)

    E. Chatton (1937)
    Struktur organisasi internal sel
    penyusun
    Dua tipe sel penyusun organisme

    1. Prokaryot : Bakteri dan Arkhaea


    2. Eukaryot : Plantae, Fungi,
    Animalia, Algae, Protozoa

    Dasar Klasifikasi (4)


    R. H. Whittaker (1969)
    -Tipe organisasi internal
    -Tipe organisasi selular
    -Tipe nutrisi
    5 (lima) dunia kehidupan :
    Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
    Animalia

    Dasar Klasifikasi (5)


    Carl Woese (1978)
    Perbandingan molekul rRNA
    16S rRNA (Prokaryot)
    18S rRNA (Eukaryot)
    3 (tiga) Domain kehidupan :
    1. Domain Bakteria
    2. Domain Archaea
    3. Domain Eukarya

    Dasar Klasifikasi (6)


    Carol J. Bult (1996)
    Sequencing genom
    Methanococcus janashii (Arkhaea)
    Kemiripan antara Bakteria
    dengan Arkhaea, 50%
    Secara evolusioner, Arkhaea lebih mirip
    dengan Eukarya

    CAVELIER & SMITH

    Signature squences pada 16S & 18S


    RNA
    Oligonukle
    otida signature

    Posisi pa
    da r RNA

    Persentase anggota
    domain
    yang memiliki signature terkait
    Archaea

    Bacteria

    Eukarya

    CACYYG

    315

    95

    CYAAYUNYG

    510

    > 95

    AAACUCAAA

    910

    100

    AAACUUAAG

    910

    100

    NUUAAUUCG

    960

    > 95

    YUYAAUUG

    960

    100

    <1

    100

    100

    CAACCYYCR

    1110

    > 95

    UUCCCG

    1380

    >95

    SISTEMATIKA MIKROBIA
    MODERN
    SISTEMATIKA NUMERIK
    SISTEMATIKA KIMIAWI
    SISTEMATIKA MOLEKULER

    SISTEMATIKA NUMERIK
    No

    Uji pengamatan

    Aspek yang diamati

    Kultural

    Koloni, pigmentasi

    Morfologis

    Sel, pengecatan, motili tas

    Fisiologis

    Temperatur pertb, anaerobik

    Biokimiawi

    Pemb asam, reduksi nitrat

    Nutritional

    Sumber karbon

    Kimiawi

    Asam amino, dd sel, lipid

    Penghambatan

    Sensitivitas thd antibiotik

    Serologis

    Aglutinasi

    Genomik

    Mol GC %, DNA-DNA reasso


    ciation

    Absidia
    koloni, morfologi sel, zigospora, spora

    TUGAS TERSTRUKTUR
    Buat soal yang berkaitan dengan :
    Keanekaragaman mikrobia
    Identifikasi mikrobia
    Klasifikasi mikrobia
    Sifat sifat mikrobia
    Ciri - ciri mikrobia
    Buat peta konsep tentang
    penggolo ngan mikrobia

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