PROGRAMMED

INSTRUCTION

PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

Programmed Instruction is one of

the important innovations of the 20th century in
the teaching-learning process. It is the
application of the principles of behavioral
science and technology in the field of education.

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING

There are two types of programming Linear programming/Extrinsic

programming
Branched programming/Intrinsic
programming

MAJOR CHARACTORSTICS OF
LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Knowledge presented in small steps.

Learner response activity to each steps.
Immediate reinforcement.
There is no choice for the learner, It is a
predesigned one.
It is a externally controlled programme.
Self-pacing is possible. Each individual can proceed
at his own rate.
The learner always gives correct answer/respons.

BRANCHED PROGRAMMING

By the name it self, the programme

has some branches. According to Norman A
Crowder branched programme is like a human
tutor and talks back the student.
Branched programming can be arranged in
two ways: Backward branching
Forward branching

DIFFERENCE

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Developed by B F Skinner
Originated from psychological
experiments
Based on operant conditioning
theory of B F Skinner
Response-centered approach of
learning
Using the principle of small steps,
reinforcement and active response
The programme is controlled by
the designer or teachers

BRANCHED
PROGRAMMING
Developed by Norman A Crowder
Originated from human training
situation
Based on problem solving
approach. There is no proper
learning theory behind it
Stimulus-centered approach of
learning
Considering these aspectsresponse, reinforcement
There are choices for the learners

PROGRAMMED MATERIALS

Teaching machine
Programmed text book:
a. Linear programmed text book
b. scrambled text

STEPS IN
PROGRAMMING

1) Preparation
2) Writing the programme
3) Tryout or revision

THANK YOU

Submitted by,
Sreepriya K
Hindi
pedagogy