Plasmodium Malariae Life

cycle
Muhammad Nazli Bin Iderus
08-3-144

Female Anopheles Host

Mosquito are usually vegetarian,
preferring to drink nectar, fruit juices,
and honey dew.
Only a pregnant mosquito will bite
human, seeking nutrient from blood,
to nourish her developing eggs.
If she drinks blood from someone,
infected with malariae, she too
become infected by the disease.

 The tiny drop of human blood filling

the insect mid gut is teeming with
the malariae parasite.

 In the midgut The infective stage for female anopheles,

is the gametocyte

 Macrogametocytes (female) becomes a

macrogamete by reduction division of the nucleus
Microgametocytes (male) give rise to 4-8
microgametes by exflagellation

 Fertilization occurs to form Zygote.

 The zygote elongates into motile ookinete

 The motile ookinete

will penetrates the
wall of the
stomach, settles
between the
epithelial lining and
basement
membrane to form
oocysts.

 The motile ookinete

will penetrates the
wall of the
stomach, settles
between the
epithelial lining and
basement
membrane to form
oocysts.

 The motile ookinete

will penetrates the
wall of the
stomach, settles
between the
epithelial lining and
basement
membrane to form
oocysts.

 In Between the epithelial lining and basement

membrane Oocyts, which contain thousand of sporozoites
Rupture of oocysts, sporozoites then liberated in the
body cavity.

 In the body cavity Sporozoites then penetrate into the

salivary gland.

 In the body cavity Sporozoites then penetrate into the salivary

gland.
*the life cycle in the mosquito takes 10-20days.

Human Host

Human
-The life cycle of plasmodium Malariae in man
includes
The hepatic Phase. Or Exo-Erythrocytic cycle
Erythrocytic cycle

 When an infected female anopheles mosquito

bites man, the sporozoites which are the
infective stage, are injected into the skin of the
man with the saliva.

 They then reach the blood stream Sporozoites in the blood stream within half an
hour enter the hepatic cells.

 They then reach the blood stream Sporozoites in the blood stream within half an
hour enter the hepatic cells.

 They then reach the blood stream Sporozoites in the blood stream within half an
hour enter the hepatic cells.

 They then reach the blood stream Sporozoites in the blood stream within half an
hour enter the hepatic cells.

 The sporozoites will search for an entrance into

the liver cell.
And its entrance is the Kuffer cells

 The sporozoites will search for an entrance into

the liver cell.
And its entrance is the Kuffer cells

 The sporozoites will search for an entrance into

the liver cell.
And its entrance is the Kuffer cells

 The sporozoites will search for an entrance into

the liver cell.
And its entrance is the Kuffer cells

 Hepatic cells Each spororozoites the develops into preerythrocytic shizont.

 Each pre-erythrocytic shizont contain

thousands of merozoites. (varying from 2000
to 40000 according to plasmodium species)

The infected liver cells ruptures liberating

merozoites in the blood stream.

 *In Plasmodium Malariae all the sporozoites

in the hepatic cell change into preerythrocyte shizont and none of it stay
dormant in the liver cell, therefore no
hypnozoites are formed.

 Erythrocytic cycle
Liberated merozoite in the blood stream invade red
blood corpuscle to avoid human immunisation system
In red blood corpuscles-

 In red blood corpuscles Merozoites develops into early trophozoites

or the ring stage.

 In red blood corpuscles Then the ring stage develop into mature
trophozoites

 In red blood corpuscles Mature trophozoites develop into shizont.

 Each shizont contain thousands of merozoites.

(varying according to plasmodium species)
Infected red blood corpuscles ruptures liberated
merozoites.

Merozoites reinvade red blood corpuscles and

thus repeated the cycle.

 Each shizont contain thousands of merozoites.

(varying according to plasmodium species)
Infected red blood corpuscles ruptures liberated
merozoites.

Merozoites reinvade red blood corpuscles and

thus repeated the cycle.

After repeated asexual cycle or shizogony, gametocytes

formation occurs when some of the merozoites develop
into gametocyte.
There are 2 type of gametocytes, microgametocytes or
male gametocytes and macrogametocytes or female
gametocytes.
Those gametocytes will then be taken by appropriate
female anopheles mosquito and initiate sexual cycle.