NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS

APPLICATIONS

Arun Kumar.S
Ajay Kumar.V.A
Shiva Suresh Sonti
Syed Gufran
Indrajeet vike
WHAT’S NANO
Anything with size(s) smaller than 100nm
(Nanometers) down to molecules and atoms
Control of structure or position at the nano
-scale
Dimensions comparable to elementary parts
involved (atoms, molecules, domains), or
new properties induced by the small dimensions
(quantum effects, surface).
MICRO, NANO

100,000,000X
100X
10X
10,000X
1X
1000X
1,000,000X
10,000,000X
100,000X

11100
101
1 nanomètre
millimètre
centimètre
10centimètres
microns
100
10 microns
nanomètres
nanomètres
micron
BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves
the use of living things in engineering, technology,
medicine, and other useful applications. Modern use of
the term includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and
tissue culture technologies
WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY?
Nanobiotechnology is a rapidly advancing area of
scientific and technological opportunity that applies the tools
Biotechnology
and processes ofisnano/microfabrication
the application of technological
to build devices for
innovation as it pertains
studying biosystems. to biological
Researchers learn fromand life to
biology sciences.
create new micro-nanoscale devices to better understand life
processes at the nanoscale. The Nanobiotechnology Center
(NBTC), a National Science Foundation, Science and
Technology Center is characterized by its highly
interdisciplinary nature and features a close collaboration
Nanobiotechnology
between life scientists, incorporates biotechnology
physical scientists, and engineers.on
Wethe
nano-scale.
also share a commitment to education and outreach, taking
the discoveries from the laboratory and realizing their
potential benefit to society.
INTRODUCTION
Size Ranges of Biological Material

 Cells: 100um – 10um

 Cell organelles (nucleus,

mitochondrion): 10um – 1um

 Viruses: 100nm- 50nm

 Cell material (proteins, lipids, DNA,

RNA): 10nm – 0.1nm
INTRODUCTION
Nanobiotechnology is an emerging field
 cells discovered 1665
 electron microscope 1950s
 Watson and Crick discover DNA double helix 1953
 Mapping of Human Genome 2003

Where is nanobiotechnology going? Applications?

 Cell structure and physiology
 Virus Detection
 Radiation/Chemotherapy
 Drug delivery
 Neurological functions of the brain
 Biomedical engineering research
 Study of molecular behavior
 Utilization of imaging devices
http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/home
 World nanotechnology industry focus in 2004 according to
sector. Nanobiotechnology companies represent around 8% of
the overall industry.
CURRENT GLOBAL FOCUS AREAS ON
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
SPREAD IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
CHALLENGES FOR
NANOBIOTECHNOLGY
PORTER’S MODEL FOR NEW ENTRANTS
IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
FUTURE ACTIVITY IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
BY 2015 AND BEYOND
CURRENT TRENDS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
SWOT ANALYSIS OF
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY IN
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
REVIEWING MAJOR FIELDS IN
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
 Molecular Motors and Devices.

 Nano- Assemblies.

 Biological Research at Nanoscale.

 Nanocomputing.

 DNA-Based Nanotechnology.

 Nanomedicine.
BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE
Brain-machine interface (BMI) is a fabricated
system to interpret voluntary brain activity
and convert to a mechanical movement

• Physiology:
Electrical signals in brain → spinal
cord → skeletal muscle

• BMI needed for individuals with:

spinal cord injury, or Parkinson’s disease
BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE
Procedures involved:
1) mapping of brain target specific neurons
2) electrode implantation
3) signal acquisition
4) wireless transmission
5) signal processing
6) mechanical action
NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR
A nano-scale cantilevered beam can be used to detect the
presence of viruses and bacteria and find their masses.

• The beam can be coated with antibodies specific to a

particular virus and then put into a substance to attract that
virus. The oscillation of the beam can then be measured
and compared to the oscillation before exposure to the
substance.
http://www.hgc.cornell.edu/biomems.html
IMAGING DEVICES
Atomic Force • Scanning Tunneling
Microscopy (AFM) Microscopy (STM)
IMAGING DEVICES
 AFM and STM are used
for better resolution of nano-
particles.
Analysis includes bacteria
and protein structure, force
measurements within
particles, and virus-host
interactions.
IMAGING DEVICES
West-Nile Study
•AFM has become the main source of imaging for
analysis of virus-host interactions.
•A study involving the West-Nile virus gave a more
detailed view of the stages the virus goes through
during infection.
•The images produced reveal changes in plasma
and viral budding; this is essential for tracking down
the virus’ replication methods.

http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/2/1/6
ETHICAL ISSUES :
 One is to anticipate ethical problems.
 Second is to foster sensitivity.

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE

TRENDS:
 Development is multi directional.
 Semiconductor industry.

 Nano sized sensors and devices.