Design of Hydraulic Turbine

(Low head & High discharge)

Objective
Design and analysis of Hydraulic turbine for low

head and high discharge ( H 10 to 50 m & Nq 70

to 300 rpm)
Design of Kaplan Turbine which is most suitable

for available head and discharge ( Head = 15m ,

Discharge Q = 0.9m3/sec).
Design of Blade profile depending on parameters.
To fullfill low power requirement in remote areas

for general use of electricity (Below 150 Kw)

Chart to determine
selection of
turbine.

Introduction : Kaplan Turbine

Water flows parallel to axis of rotation of shaft turbine is known

as axial flow turbine.

Kaplan turbine is also a reaction turbine.
( part of pressure energy is converted to kinetic energy during flow of water).

Vanes are fixed on hub and hence hub act as runner for axial

flow reaction turbine.

In kaplan turbine, unlike all other turbines, the runner's blades

are movable.
The radial component of the fluid velocity is negligible. Since

there is no change in the direction of the fluid, several axial

stages can be used to increase power output

Axial flow rection turbine

Basic Calculations
Q = 0.9m^3/sec = 900 lts/sec.
H = 15m
Turbine speed = 900 rpm.
Power Output = Rho x g x QH = 133Kw
Specific Work w = gH = 147.15 J/kg
Kinematic or specific speed

112rpm
The expected range of specific speed values is 70 < nq < 300. If the specific
speed is less than 70, then you should look at an alternative type of turbine e.g.
Crossflow ,pump as turbine.

Kug(From Graph) = 1.31

[Dh /Dt] (From Graph) = 0.58
Dt outer dia of runner = 0.476 m & Dh hub dia = 0.276 m
Blade no (Z) = 6

Dimensions:

Drunner

Dhub

Velocity Calculations
Axial Velocity

pi[(Rt)^2 (Rh)^2] x Vf = Q
Vf1 = Vf2 = 7.61m/sec (for axial flow machine)

Peripheral velocity at inlet and outlet u = [pi x Dh x N]/60

u1 = u2 = 13 m/sec
Whirl velocity at inlet and outlet Vw1 & Vw2

x w = u(Vw1 Vw2)
(Hydraulic eff) = 0.85(anderson specific speed correction factor)
0.85 x 147.15 = 13(Vw1)
Vw1 = 9.62 m/sec
Vw2 = 5% Vw1 = 0.481 m/sec

Angle calculations
=

51.66
=
23.94
= 3.7
=
58.70

Schematic Kaplan turbine

Further project work

Blade profile design.
Runner(Plate blade design).
Spiral casing design.
Catia model.
Analysis of model.

Thank You.