ACTIVITY# 3

Hypertext, Hypermedia and

multimedia

HYPERTEXT

Hipertext is often used to link text to

materials traditionally contained in
footnotes and annotations but may also
include much more eg.
In a language-learning program, one
might click on a hypertext link to go to
one several choices in a branching story
and arrive at that link on another page,
or simply click on a word to get a floating
box offering its dictionary definition.

HYPERMEDIA

It refers to similar links to used in

hypertext ,but instead of simply linking
text to text,hypermedia involves linking
various media,such as sound ,images
,animation and or video eg.
A word or picture might have a link to a
sound file giving its pronunciation

MULTIMEDIA

Multimedia is used to encompass the

non-linear organization of text in
hypertext and the non-linear and multiple
information formats referred to in
hypermedia eg.
A children`s storybook in which learners
must stars at the first page and
continue reading to the end may only use
extra media to provide incidental sound
and visual effects toenhance the text

Antecedents Of Multimedia

Mr. Casaubun worked in creating a textual set

of connections among all knowledge in 1871.
In 1945, Vannever Bush outlined plans for a
desk-sized Memex System which would
accesss and organize large amounts of
information.
Bush had built a mechanical computer at
MIT and built up the first modern computers
called Colossus and ENIAC in 1945

Douglas Engelbart developed many of

tools which would make multimedia
possible in the 1950s and 1960s.
Ted Nelson had been established and
were in general use by those with access
to computers in 1960.
Alan Kay introduced the idea of the
graphical interface (GUI) made up of
icons to represent chains of textual
commands.
The Dynabook looked very much like a
modern laptop in 1968.

Science fiction and CALL

The main qualities of multimedia that

have made it useful are the types of
information( text ,images ,sound
,animation ,video) that can be stored and
, more important ,the useful ways that
multimedia can be used to search
information. Eg
A virtual words can provide platforms for
educational interaction

THE PRINTER BOOK AND CALL

The printed book changed the nature of

information through the ways in which ideas
could be shared ,recorded and explored.
Books also incerased opportunities for selfdirected learning extended by search engines
and online encyclopaedias on the WWW
CALL helps in the process by increasing the
resources available to learners outside the
classroom in the multiple media Eg.
Hypertext system are used for checking
grammar ,to complete subject-verb agreement
so forth

Applications to general learning

The hypertext is easy to creating new

references and the ability to structure
information and customize documents
They give learners the opportunity to create
multimedia materials as part of their
exploration of knowledge base .
Eg. The applications of ALLP project Dans
le quartier Saint Gervais that allow
learners to make their own documentaries
and multimedia documents from the
source materials

Applications of multimedia to
language learning

Montali and Lewasndowski (1996) mentioned

multimedia as a way of improving reading skills
among averange and less-skilled readers.
A well-formed mulltimedia database of materials
can also assist those young and second language
learners.
Hoogeveen (1995) suggested that learners
`responses to multimedia interact in a complex way
giving learners the feeling of experiencing
information instead of simply acquiring it.
Hampel (2009) suggested that teachers need
specific skill sets in order to educate learners
appropriately