BUDGET

ALLOCATION ON
SCHEMES FOR A
CERTAIN SECTION:
DISCRIMINATION
OR
AFFIRMATIVE
ACTION?

DISCRIMINATION= differential

treatment of individual or group,

especially in an inferior way, due to
their caste, class, gender, race, etc.
India has a long history of
discrimination based on caste and
gender.
The lower castes have been
classified as SCs, STs and OBCs by
the Indian Constitution.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION= policy of favouring a

disadvantaged group by giving them

benefits, as they suffer or have suffered in
the past from discrimination.
In India, various policies and schemes are
custom made for SCs/STs, besides
reservation.
A significant share of the Union Budget is
allocated to these schemes.
Gender Budgeting
Is it DISCRIMINATION against the general
individuals? Or AFFIRMATIVE ACTION?

WHY ARE WE DOING THIS

BUDGET ALLOCATION OVER THE

YEARS

BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR SPECIFIC

SOCIAL GROUPS (2007-2012)
Chart Title
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000

Axis Title 40000

30000
20000
10000
0
2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR SPECIFIC

SOCIAL GROUPS (2012-2016)
120000
100000
80000
IN CRORES

60000
40000
20000
0
2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

SPECIFIC SCHEME
PROPORTION
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

share percentage
(overall
female
sc+st

WHAT ARE THESE

SCHEMES?

Gender budget schemes

Rural Housing Indira Awas Yojana
Priyadarshini Scheme
Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of

Adolescent Girls
National Mission for Empowerment of Women
Hostel for Working Women
Compensive Scheme for Combating Trafficking of
Women
Schemes for Leadership Development of Minority
Women
Mahila Coir Yojana

Other Schemes Funded from NIRBHAYA FUND

Mission Flexible Pool
RCH Flexible Pool
Core Integrated Women and Child Development

Schemes
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
National Minorities Development and Finance
Corporation
Post Matric Scholarship for Minorities
Interest Subsidy and Contribution for Guarantee
Fund
National Scheme for Incentive to the Girl Child for
Secondary Education

Scheme for Maintaining Population Decline of

Small Minorities
Scheme on Women Safety on Public Road
Transport from NIRBHAYA FUND
DISHA Programme for Women Scientists
Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
National Commision for Women
Improvement in Working Conditions of Child and
Women Labour
Human Resource Development Scheme
Womens Helpline
One Stop Crisis Centre
National Scheme for incentive to the
Girl Child for Secondary Education

Scheduled tribe schemes

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
National Urban Livelihoods Mission
Welfare of Scheduled Tribes through Vocational

Guidance and Training, introduction of New Course

Umbrella Scheme for Development of STs Tribal
Education
Scholarship for Scheduled Tribe students for
Studies Abroad
Support to Tribal Research Institutes
Scheme under Provision to ARTICLE 275(1) of the
Constitution

Tribal Festival and Research Information and Mass

Education
Support to National/State Scheduled Tribes
Finance and Development Corporations
National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher
Education of Scheduled Tribe Students
Minimum Support Price for Minor Forest Produce
Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protshan Yojana
Prime Minister Employment Generation
Programme
World Bank Project-Improving Development
Programmes in Tribal Areas

National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher

Education of Scheduled Tribe Students

Development of particularly Vulnerable Tribal
Groups
Institutional support for Marketing and
Development of Tribal Products
Baba Sahib Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana
Alliance in RnD Mission
S and T for Socio-Economic Development
Scheme under Tribal Sub Plan
Aid to Voluntary Organizations Working for the
Welfare of Scheduled Tribes
Support to Tribal Research Institutes

Scheduled caste schemes

Post Matric Scholarship Schemes
National Fellowship for Scheduled Castes
Top Class Education for Scheduled Castes
Self Employment Scheme for Liberation and

Rehabilitation for Scavengers

Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
Hostels for Scheduled Caste Boys and Girls
Free Coaching for Scheduled Castes
Upgradation of Merit of Scheduled Caste Students
Dr. Ambedkar National Centre

Aajeevika/NRLM
Welfare of Scheduled Castes through coaching

vocational guidance and training and introduction

of new courses in existing CGCs in States and
covered so far
Scholarship for College and University Students
BOATS including Apprenticeship Training
Social Security Cards for Unorganised Workers
Rehabilitation of Bonded Labour
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
MSME Cluster Development Programme and
MSME Growth Polls
Support to NGOs/Institutions/SRCs for Adult
Education and Skill Development

Special Central Assistance under Scheduled Caste

Sub Plan
National Finance Development Corporation for
Weaker Sections
Assistance to Voluntary Organisations for
Scheduled Castes
National Overseas Scholarship for Scheduled
Castes
Pre Matric Scholarship for Scheduled Castes
State Scheduled Castes Development
Corporations
Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes
Credit Guarantee Fund for Scheduled Castes

PUBLIC
OPINION

SAMPLE
STATISTICS
(CASTE )
15%

7%

78%

GENERAL
SC/ST
OBC

SAMPLE STATISTICS
(GENDER)
48%

52%

FEMALES
MALES

60%

DISCRIMINATION OR AFFIRMATIVE
ACTION?

50%
40%
30%

52%
35%

20%
10%
0%

13%

DISCRIMINATION

AFFIRMATIVE

CAN'T SAY

IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEM?
90%
80%
70%
60%
IMPLEMENTATION
PROBLEM?

50%
40%

85%

30%
20%
10%
0%

15%
YES

NO

Of the 35 who call it affirmative, 23 are

general, 9 are SC/ST & 3 OBC.

Of the 52 who call it discrimination, 47
are from general, 2 from SC/ST and 3
from OBC.
Of the 15 who believe these schemes
are effective, 7 belong to general, 5
belong to SC/ST and 3 OBC.
Of the 85 who dont believe the same,
71 are general, 10 SC/ST and 4 OBC.

DISCRIMINATION? OR
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION? (CASTE)
100%

10.25%
26.67%

90%
80%

14.28%

29%

70%

43%

60%
50%
40%
30%

CAN'T SAY
AFFIRMATIVE
DISCRIMINATION

60%
60.26%
42.85%

20%
13.33%

10%
0%

GENERAL

SC/ST

OBC

IMPLEMENTATION
ISSUE
100%

8.97%

90%

42.85%

80%

66.67%

70%
60%
50%

NO
YES

91.03%

40%

57.15%

30%

33.33%

20%
10%
0%

GENERAL

SC/ST

OBC

REQUIREMENT OF SC/ST
SCHEMES TODAY
100%
90%

40%

80%
70%

43%

71%

60%

NO
YES

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

60%

57%

SC/ST

OBC

29%
GENERAL

RESERVATION
GENERAL

8.97%

SC/ST

OBC
0%

91.03%

46.47%

53.33%

42.85%

20%

NO
YES

57.15%

40%

60%

80%

100%

DISCRIMINATION? OR
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION? (GENDER)

57.69%

28.85% 13.46%

FEMALES
CAN'T SAY
AFFIRMATIVE
DISCRIMINATION
41.67%

43.75%

14.58%

MALES

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

84.62%

85.42%

15.38%

YES
NO

14.58%
NO
YES

WOMEN
MEN

REQUIREMENT OF SCHEMES FOR

WOMEN TODAY
90.00%

80.77%

79.17%

80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
YES
NO

50.00%
40.00%
30.00%

20.83%

19.23%

20.00%
10.00%
0.00%

WOMEN

MEN

ON THE WHOLE:
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

17%
36%
80%

85%
83%

64%
20%

15%

YES
NO

INTERESTINGLY:
In the General category, of the 47
people who called it discrimination, 13
considered a small figure justified(525%), but didnt agree to actual figures.
4 think that SC/ ST schemes are
required. Only 1 supports reservation.
34 people stayed adamant throughout
(not even a small figure). Of these, only
4 think that SC/ST schemes are needed.
All 34 do not support reservation.

Of the 30 females, who call it discrimination,

23 believe that schemes for women are

required.
Similarly, of the 20 males who disagree with
the allocation, 14 believe the schemes are
required.
Schemes for women have garnered more
support than those for SC/STs.
Some support allocation of budget share to
womens schemes, but not to SC/ST
schemes.
Some call the allocation unjustified because
of the huge amount, while some due to
implementation issues.

NOW WHAT ARE THE

FACTS WHICH TELL US
IF IT IS
DISCRIMINATION OR
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION?

LITERACY RATES (OVERALL)IN

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

66.1
54.69

59.06

64.8

73

47.1

SC

ST
2001

NON SC ST
2011

LITERACY RATES (MALES)

100
80

66.64

75.2
59.17

60

68.5

75.3

80.9

40
20
0
SC

ST
2001

NON SC ST
2011

LITERACY RATES (FEMALES)

70
56.5

60
50

64.6
49.4

41.9

40

53.7

34.76

30
20
10
0
SC

ST
2001

NON SC ST
2011

MALE VS FEMALE LITERACY (2001)

75.3

80

66.64
59.17

70
60
50

53.7

41.9
34.76

40
30
20
10
0

SC

ST
FEMALE

NON SC ST
MALE

MALE VS FEMALE LITERACY (2011)

100
75.2

80
60

68.5

56.5
49.4

80.9
64.6

40
20
0
SC

ST
FEMALE

NON SC ST
MALE

FEMALE LITERACY FROM 2001 TO

2011
64.6

70

56.5

60
50

49.4

53.7

41.9
34.76

40
30
20
10
0

SC

ST
2001

NON SC ST
2011

POVERTY TRENDS
60

60
50

45.6

40

50.9
43

40.61
37.8
29.4

30
20

30
20.7

23
17.6
12.5

10
0
ST

SC
2004-05

OBC
2009-10

FORWARD CASTE

2011-12

SEEMS TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE
ACTION.

BUT THERE IS ANOTHER

SIDE TO IT..

SHARE IN POPULATION(CASTE)
ST
OBC

SC
FORWARD CASTE

9%
28%

19%

44%

SHARE OF POPULATION IN POVERTY

FC; 16% ST; 18%

SC; 25%
OBC; 41%

CASTE WISE DIVISION OF

ILLITERATES

SC; 34%
NON SC ST; 52%

ST; 14%

SHARE OF POPULATION(GENDER)
FEMALE

51.54

48.46

MALE

GENDER WISE DIVISON OF

ILLITERATES
GENDER WISE DIVISON OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ILLITERATES
FEMALE

MALE

38%
62%

GIVEN ALL THE DATA

Conclusion
43
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

29.4

18

41

25

20.7
16

ST

SC

OBC

12.5

FORWARD CASTE

BPL SHARE OF POPULATION

PERCENTAGE OF BPL IN DIFFERENT CASTE GROUPS

60

52

50
34

40
30

27
14

20
10
0

33.9
SC

40.94
ST

NON SC ST

PERCENTAGE OF
ILLITERATES IN
DIFFERENT CASTE
GROUPS
SHARE IN TOTAL
ILLITERATE
POPULATION

Although usually the focus is on the percentage

of BPL in various caste categories, which is

highest for SC(43%) and lowest for
General(12.5%), which makes it look like
affirmative action; yet ideally the focus should
be on only the BPL.
Specific caste-based schemes will then uplift
those who do not require
There is only 2% difference between share of
SC and General in BPL population, 18% and 16%
respectively.
Out of the total population who are ILLITERATE
approx 64% belong to NON SC/ST candidates
So, economic basis is ideal and in case of castespecific schemes , it is DISCRIMINATION.

GENDER WISE DIVISON OF PEOPLE WHO ARE ILLITERATE

FEMALE

MALE

38%
62%

Disparities between female and male

literacy rates is high across all caste

groups.
SC- 18.7%
ST- 19.1%
GENERAL- 16.3%
Out of the total population that is
illiterate 62% of them are females
So, specific schemes for women are
required and in case of these schemes,
it is concluded as AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.

DHANYAWAD !!
PRESENTEDBY:
ISHITA SOOD
MANNAT CHUGH
NEHA AGARWAL