RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY THANYABURI
TOPIC: Learning Theories
Cognitive Apprenticeship, Online Collaborative
Learning, and 21st century learning

Subject code: Design and development

in Educational Media system
Academic year: 2016-2017
Instructor: Dr. Thosporn
Sangsawang
Prepared by: Lyhour Heng

Content
I.

Cognitive Apprenticeship
1. Model descriptions

II.

2. Specification of theory
Online Collaborative Learning
1. Core Design Principles of OCL
2. Online Collaborative Learning Pedagogy

3. Online Collaborative Learning Technology

III. 21st century learning
1. 21st century student outcomes
2. 21st century support system

Cognitive Apprenticeship
Cognitive = connected with thinking process.
(Cambridge Advanced learner dictionary 4th edition)
Apprentice = someone who works for a skilled person in order to
learn the skill from that person.
(Cambridge Advanced learner dictionary 4th edition)
Cognitive Apprenticeship = a learning process by which a teacher provides learners with
thinking skill or mental processes.

learning through guided experience on cognitive and metacognitive, rather than

physical, skills and processes
(Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989, p. 457)

Cognitive Apprenticeship

I. Model Description
Demonstrate learners or apprentices

+
How to deal with the process of solving problem
teacher did.
+
cognitive and metacognitive
Context
skills and processes.
Methods

Sociology

Sequence

Framework for designing learning environment:

Cognitive Apprenticeship
II. Specification of
Theory
1. Principles

Encourages reflection on performance, development of self-monitoring and correction skills

Classroom learning get the content from its real life context.
Learning requires understanding and application in a real world setting.
Sequencing: Tasks are sequenced to reflect the changing demands of learning.
Sociology: Situated learning to diverse settings => students can learn skills in varies
context
2. Role of facilitator or expert
Modeling
Scaffolding
Coaching

help students acquire an integrated set of cognitive

and metacognitive skill =>
=> processes of observation,
=> guided, and supported practice

Cognitive Apprenticeship
3. Instructional Strategies
Modeling = clearly demonstrates a task to learner => observe and build conceptual
model.
Coaching = observing students performance => giving feedback and hints to the
student.
Scaffolding = the supports from the teacher to help students carry out the task
Articulation = methods helping students show their knowledge, or problem-solving
processes.
Reflection = compare students problem solving processes with those of the teachers or
friends.

Online Collaborative Learning

Online Collaborative Learning (OCL), introduced in 2012 by Linada
Harasim, refers to in a form of teaching in which instructors and
students are interacting and practicing in an online learning group.
In OCL,
Teachers role => a Facilitator and a Member of discussing group.
Teachers encourage students to collaboratively solve problems through
making a group discussion.

Online Collaborative Learning

I. Core Design Principle of
OCL
1. Idea Generating: Brainstorming phase => express idea, generate ideas and share idea on a
topic.
2. Idea Organizing: Intellectual progress phase => comparing, analyzing and categorizing idea
by
discussion.
3. Intellectual Convergence: Idea structuring phase => synthesize the intellectual to reaches a
group
II. Online Collaborative Learning Pedagogy
decision.
Its process includes:
1st Discourse
2nd Collaborative learning
3rd Knowledge building

Online Collaborative Learning

III. Online Collaborative Learning
Technology

Two essential roles: Learning tool(s) and Technology as learning

environment.
1. Learning Tool(s)
It refers to web tools and web 2.0 that help facilitate learning
activity.
Generic web tools => Google and Web Browser.
Web tools
Productivity tools => Online calendars or
Graphic
presentation tools.
Web 2.0 => Social or Collaborative Web such as blogs, wikis.

Online Collaborative Learning

2. Technology as learning environment
It refers to web-based software designed to host the learning activities.
There are five characteristics of online learning
environment:
1. Place-independent discourse
2. Time-independent discourse
3. Many-to- many discourse
4. Text-based (with multimedia) discourse
5. Internet-mediated discourse

21st century learning skills

A framework for 21st century learning which introduced by the
Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21) describes the skills
that students need to develop in the global economy trend
nowadays.
The P21 defines 21st century learning into six elements:
1.

emphasize core subjects

2.

emphasize learning skills,

3.

use 21st century tools to develop learning skills

4.

teach and learn in the 21st century context

5.

teach and learn 21st century content

6.

use 21st century assessments that measure 21st century skills

21st century learning skills

I. 21st century student
outcomes
The elements described in this section are the skills, knowledge and expertise students should
master to succeed in work and life in the 21st century
1. Content Knowledge and 21st Century Themes: Maths, Science, World Language
and so on
2. Learning and innovation skills: Creativity, Innovation, Critical thinking skill and so
on.
3. Information, Media and Technology skills: Media literacy, ICT literacy and so on
4. Life and Career: Social skills, Leadership and responsibility and so on.

21st century learning skills

II. 21st century support
system
The elements below describe the evaluation systems necessary to ensure student mastery of 21st
century skills
1. Standards
2. Assessment
3. Curriculum and Instruction
4. Professional development
5. 21st century learning environment

Cognitive Apprenticeship
Online Collaborative
Learning

21st century learning skills

Thank
You !!!