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Data Communications & Network Principles: Token Passing CSMA/CD & Ethernet 13 October 2005
Data Communications & Network Principles: Token Passing CSMA/CD & Ethernet 13 October 2005
Data Communications & Network Principles: Token Passing CSMA/CD & Ethernet 13 October 2005
Network Principles
Lecture 2
Token passing
CSMA/CD & Ethernet
13th October 2005
CSMA/CD
Multiple Access
Carrier Sensing
Persistence strategies
Collision detection
Token passing
Token: special frame
Control of medium achieved by passing
token from node to node
A station can only transmit data when it is
in possession of the token
Token ring
D
token
token
C
B
D
A
Fram
e
C
B
Fram
e
C
B
D
A
token
B
D
A
token
C
B
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Disadvantages
Requires token maintenance
Loss of token prevents further utilisation of the ring
Duplication of the token can disrupt ring operation
10
Token
bus
Logical
ring
11
13
14
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Three components:
Multiple Access: several nodes or stations
are connected to or use a common link
Carrier Sensing: checking the state of the
medium
Collision detection: procedure to handle a
collision
15
Carrier Sensing
A problem arises if two nodes attempt to
transmit a fame over the cable at the same
time
This results in the data being corrupted: a
collision is said to have occurred
16
CSMA/CD: Collision
17
23
Persistence strategies
26
CSMA/CD: Description
1. If the medium is idle, transmit; otherwise go to
step 2
2. If the medium is busy, continue to listen until
the channel is idle, then transmit immediately
3. Receiving end of transmitting station monitors
the medium to see if the transmission was
successful
4. If a collision is detected during transmission,
transmit a brief jamming signal to assure that
all stations know that there has been a
collision and then cease transmission (and
frame needs to be sent again)
27
CSMA/CD: procedure
29
Ethernet
Based upon the IEEE802.3 standards
Data rate: 10 Mbps
Bus network topology
i.e. the medium is shared between all stations
32
33
Addressing
Each station on an Ethernet network has
its own network interface card (NIC)
The NIC fits inside the station and
provides it with a 6-byte physical address
Ethernet address
6 bytes
Written in hexadecimal notation
34
Ethernet: categories
IEEE802.3 10 Mbps specifications
Physical layer implementations
Concise notation:
<data rate><signalling method><max segment length>
<Mbps>
<100s m>
35
10Base2
Similar to 10Base5, but thinner cable
Supports fewer taps over a shorter distance
Lower-cost alternative to 10Base5
36
10Base-FL
Uses optical fibre
Uses a star topology to connect stations to a
hub
37
Reading list
Stallings, W., (2004), Data and Computer
Communications, Pearson Prentice Hall,
7th Edition: sections 15.3, 16.1-16.3
38