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Biomechanics of Arthoplasty 1
Biomechanics of Arthoplasty 1
Biomechanics of Arthoplasty 1
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OBJECTIVES
WHAT IS ARTHROPLASTY?
INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.
BIOMECHANICAL INFLUENCES IN ARTHROPLASTY
FORCES ACTING AT HIP JOINT
MEASUREMENT OF FORCES ACTING ON A JOINT WITH INSTRUMENTAL
IMPLANTS
ARTHROPLASTY
ARTHROPLASTY IS AN OPERATIVE PROCEDURE OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
PERFORMED, IN WHICH THE ARTHRITIC OR DYSFUNCTIONAL JOINT SURFACE IS
REPLACED WITH SOMETHING BETTER OR BY REMODELING OR REALIGNING THE
JOINT BY OSTEOTOMY OR SOME OTHER PROCEDURE.
INDICATION OF ARTHOPLASTY
OSTEOARTHIRITIS (OA)
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS(RA)
AVASCULAR NECROSIS(AVN) OR OSTEONECROSIS (ON)
CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP JOINT
ACETABULAR DYSPLASIA (SHALLOW HIP SOCKET)
FROZEN SHOULDER, LOOSE SHOULDER
TRAUMATIZED AND MALALIGNED JOINT
JOINT STIFFNESS
FAILURE OF OTHER SURGERIES OR CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
IMPLANT MATERIALS
THE METAL AND PLASTIC ARE THE MOST COMMONLY USED IMPLANTS.
SURFACES JOINT ARE REPLACED WITH A METAL PROSTHESIS, AND A
PLASTIC SPACER IS PLACED IN BETWEEN.
CEMENTED
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO TOTAL
HIP ARTHROPLASTY
ABSOLUTE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RELATIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
LOCALIZED INFECTION
PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
INSUFFICIENT FUNCTION OF THE GLUTEUS
MEDIUS MUSCLE.
HIGHLY COMPROMISED/INSUFFICIENT
FEMORAL OR ACETABULAR BONE STOCK
PATIENTS REQUIRING EXTENSIVE DENTAL
WORK.
YOUNG PATIENTS WHO MUST OR ARE
MOST LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN HIGHDEMAND ACTIVITIES.
COMPONENTS OF THERAPY-RELATED
PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: PREPARATION
FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
PAIN,
ROM
MUSCLE STRENGTH,
BALANCE,
AMBULATORY STATUS,
LEG LENGTHS,
GAIT CHARACTERISTICS,
USE OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES,
GENERAL LEVEL OF FUNCTION,
PERCEIVED LEVEL OF DISABILITY
METHODS OF FIXATION
CEMENTED.
CEMENTLESS
HYBRID
CEMENTED FIXATION
DISADVANTAGE
POROUS-COATED PROSTHESES
CEMENTLESS PRESS-FIT TECHNIQUE
SMOOTH (NONPOROUS) FEMORAL COMPONENTS WITH
CEMENTLESS ARTHROPLASTY
COATING OF A BIOACTIVE COMPOUND CALLED
HYDROXYAPATITE
UNDER 60 YEAR OF AGE
DISADVANTAGE
UNICOMPARTMENTAL
BICOMPARTMENTAL
TRICOMPARTMENTAL
UNCONSTRAINED
SEMICONSTRAINED
FULLY CONSTRAINED
FIXED-BEARING OR MOBILE-BEARING
DESIGN
CRUCIATE-RETAINING
STANDARD/TRADITIONAL OR
MINIMALLY INVASIVE
QUADRICEPS-SPLITTING OR
QUADRICEPS-SPARING
CEMENTED
UNCEMENTED
HYBRID
OPERATIVE OVERVIEW
STANDARD APPROACH
COMPLICATIONS
INTERCONDYLAR FRACTURE
DAMAGE TO A PERIPHERAL NERVE
MALUNION
LOOSENING OF PROSTHESIS.
FLASHBACK
WHAT IS ARTHROPLASTY?
INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY.