CARBON

MONOXIDE
EMISSION
MOHAMMED ASHEEQ
SEM 5, SEC B
1BM14ME080
B M S COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING

CONTENTS
Introduction
Mechanism of formation
Properties
Effects
Control and regulation

INTODUCTION
Pollutants are produced by the incomplete burning of

the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.

The major pollutants emitted from the exhaust due to
incomplete combustion are:
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO)
Other products produced are Acetylene ,
Aldehydes ,etc.
If the combustion is complete , the only products
being expelled from the exhaust would be water
vapour , which is harmless.
And carbon dioxide which is an inert gas and it is not
directly harmful to the humans.

MECHANISM OF FORMATION
CO is generated in the engine when it is operated

with a fuel-rich equivalence ratio.

CO is generally formed when there is not enough
oxygen to convert all carbon to CO2 , some fuel
does not get burnt and some carbon ends up as CO.

C + O2 CO2 + CO + O2
Typically the exhaust of the SI engine will be about

0.2 to 5% carbon monoxide.

CO is not only considered as an undesirable
emission, but it also represents the lost chemical
energy.

At the starting of the engine CO is

generated in large amount , since it

requires fuel rich mixture.
Poor mixing and incomplete
combustion will also be the source for
CO emission.

PROPERTIES
It is colour less and odorless.
It has same density as that of air.
It is a poisonous gas.
It has a density of 789kg/m3.
It is soluble in water , chloroform,

acetic acid, ethanol, benzene , etc.

EFFECTS
It is a poisonous gas which, when inhaled,

replaces the oxygen in the blood stream so that

the bodys metabolism can not function correctly.
Small amounts of CO concentrations, when
breathed in, slow down physical and mental
activity and produces headaches.
While large concentration will kill.
It also has serious effects on environment.
Ozone layer depletion takes place due to the
carbon monoxide concentration.

REGULATION
Engine efficiency has been steadily

improved with improved engine design.

By electronic ignition , more precise fuel
metering and computerized engine
management.
Advances in engine and vehicle technology
continually reduce the toxicity of exhaust
leaving the engine.
Regulatory agencies are set up to control the
emission from automobiles.

THANK YOU