PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE
FORM: have / has + past participle
USES:
1. LIFE EXPERIENCES
Ive been to China
Shes ridden a horse

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

2. ALREADY, JUST & YET
Theyve just left
Shes already called her friend
They havent finished yet

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

for actions which happened in the past, but
we don't mention when exactly.
I've already visited the National History
Museum, so I don't want to go there again.
for actions that happened in the past and their
results are obvious in the present.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!

TIME EXPRESSIONS

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

VS
PAST SIMPLE

NOTE:
have/has gone means that someone
has gone somewhere and is still there.
Beth has gone to the supermarket.
(She's still there). means that someone
have/has been means that someone has
visited a place but has come back.
Beth has been to Barcelona. (Now she's
back).

PRACTICE:
Have you already played
bought

havent had

Did you go
Have you been

was
went
havent seen
did you enjoy
loved

didnt like

did you take

told

hated
tried
Couldnt concentrate

What is Reported Speech?

Reported Speech
is a way how we
report what
someone has said
by changing some
of the words said,
but retaining the
same meaning.

Could you
help me?

What did Alan ask us?

Alan asked us to help him.
Reported Speech / Indirected Speech

Directed Speech

 We use Reported Speech when we report

the meaning of what somebody said, but
not with the exact words.
Martin told me to call Mr. Roberts at the
office.
We usually use tell when we report
commands and ask when we report
requests.

What did the woman

say to the man?
She asked him
to be careful
when he passes
her the box.

Please be
careful when
you pass me
the box.

What did the doctor say?

The doctor asked David to pass him
the bandage.

Please pass
me the
bandage,
David.