PAIR OF STRAIGHT

LINES
Given Two Lines, L1 &
L2

y
L2

Where:
L1
L2

a 1x + b 1 y + c =
0
a 2x + b 2 y + c =
0

Point of
Intersection:

Combined
Equation:
(a1x + b1y + c)(a2x + b2y +
c) =
0
Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0

L1

P
x

PAIR OF STRAIGHT
LINES
To check if given equation

Ax 2 +Bxy+Cy 2 +Dx+Ey+F=0
represents a pair of
lines:

B
D

2
2

C
E

D
E

2
2

or

4 FAC+ BED- (AE 2 + CD 2 + CB2 ) = 0

PAIR OF STRAIGHT
LINES
Angle Between Lines:tan =

B2 - 4 AC
A+ C

Sample Problem:
Given: 3x2 + 11xy + 6y2 -16x -13y + 5 = 0
a.) Prove that the equation represents a pair of straight lines.
b.) Find the angle between the two lines defined by the
equation.
c.) Determine the separate equations of the lines.

LINES and PLANES

IN SPACE
y

v$

ax by cz d

r$

n$
P ( x1 , y1 , z1 )

LINES and PLANES

IN SPACE
LINE
S
Vector
Equation:

r$ x1 , y1 , z1 t xv , yv , zv

Parametric
Equations:

x x1 xv t
y y1 yv t
z z1 zv t

From v$ xv , yv , zv
From
P(x1,y1,z1)
Ratio Form:

x x1 y y1 z z1

xv
yv
zv

LINES and PLANES

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Vector Normal to Plane:

ax by cz d

n$ a, b, c
Vector normal to plane
and through P:

r$ x1 , y1 , z1 t a, b, c

P ( x1 , y1 , z1 )
r$
n$

LINES and PLANES

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ax by cz d

Intersection to Coordinate
Planes:
a.) xy Plane (z = 0)
b.) yz Plane (x = 0)
c.) xz Plane (y = 0)

P ( x1 , y1 , z1 )
r$
n$

LINES and PLANES

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Plane Through Given 3
Points:

P3 ( x3 , y3 , z3 )

12 x R
n$ R
13

13
R

12
R

Equation of Plane:

P2 ( x2 , y2 , z2 )
ax by cz d

x, y, z x1 , y1 , z1 .n
or

a x x1 b y y1 c z z1 0

P1 ( x1 , y1 , z1 )
n$

LINES and PLANES

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Plane Through a Point and a
Vector:
Vector from P1 to P2:

P2 ( x2 , y2 , z2 )

x , y , z t a , b, c
R
1
1 1

12 x , y , z x , y , z
R
2
2
2
1
1 1

ax by cz d

xR
12
n$ R
Equation of Plane:

a x x1 b y y1 c z z1 0

P1

n$ a, b, c

LINES and PLANES

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Sample Problem:
(a) Find parametric equations for the line through (5, 1,
0) that is perpendicular to the plane 2x y +z = 1.
(Ans. r(t) =< 5, 1, 0 > +t < 2,1, 1 >
(b) In what points does this line intersect the
coordinate planes?
(Ans. (5,1,0), (0,7/2,-5/2) and (7,0,1)

LINES and PLANES

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Sample Problem:
Find the equation of a plane through (2,1,-3), (5,-1,4)
and (2,-2,4).
(Ans. 7x 21y 9z = 20)
Sample Problem:
Find the equation of a plane through the point (1, 0,
1) and the line x = 5t, y = 1+t, z = t.
(Ans. y +z = 1)