Telecommunications And

Networks

Presented by :
EL HAMSS Hafsa
TAHIR Abdelouahed

principles
An unmistakable trend of communications technology is that
more people are able to send and receive all forms of
information over greater distances at a faster rate

Learning objectives

Define the terms communications and telecommunications and

describe the components of a telecommunications system
Identify broad categories of communications media and discuss
the basic characteristics of specific media types
Describe how a modem works
What is a multiplixer

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An Overview Of Communications
Systems

Communications: the transmission of a signal by way of

a medium from a sender to a receiver
Signal contains a message composed of data and
information
In telecommunications, sender transmits a signal through
a transmission medium such as a cable

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Figure 1: Communications and

Telecommunications

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An Overview Of Communications
Systems (continued)
Communications can be synchronous or asynchronous
Synchronous communications: the receiver gets the
message instantaneously
Asynchronous communications: the receiver gets the
message some period of time after it is sent

Master lectronique embarque et systmes de tlcommunication

Telecommunications
Telecommunications: electronic transmission of signals
for communications, via telephone, radio, television, etc.
Data communications: subset of telecommunications that
refers to the electronic collection, processing, and
distribution of data, typically between computer system
hardware devices
Telecommunications medium: anything that carries an
electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device
and a receiving device
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Figure 2: Elements of a
Telecommunications System

Master lectronique embarque et systmes de tlcommunication

Communications Channels: Basic

Communications Channel Characteristics
Communication channels can be classified as simplex,
half-duplex, or full-duplex
Simplex channel: can transmit data in only one direction
Half-duplex channel: can transmit data in either direction,
but not simultaneously
Full-duplex channel: permits data transmission in both
directions at the same time

Master lectronique embarque et systmes de tlcommunication

Channel Bandwidth and InformationCarrying Capacity

Bandwidth: the range of frequencies that an electronic
signal occupies on a given transmission medium
Shannons fundamental law of information theory:
states that the information-carrying capacity of a channel
is directly proportional to its bandwidth
Broadband: telecommunications in which a wide band
of frequencies is available to transmit information

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Types of Media

Guided transmission media: communications signals are

guided along a solid medium
Wireless media: communications signals are sent over
airwaves

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Table 1: Transmission Media Types

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Modems
A typical telephone line can only accommodate an analog
signal (a continuous, curving signal)
A computer generates a digital signal representing bits
Modem: a device that translates data from digital to
analog and analog to digital

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Figure 3: How a Modem Works

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Multiplexers

Multiplexers: devices that allow several

telecommunications signals to be transmitted over a
single communications medium at the same time

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Figure 4:

Use of a Multiplexer to Consolidate Data

Communications onto a Single Communications Link
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