GOVERNMENT

Government
Is the means by which a state or a
community is controlled.
A group of people that governs a
community or unit
It sets and administers public policy and
exercises executive, political and
sovereign power through customs,
institutions, and laws within a state.

Government
Is the means by which a state or a
community is controlled.
Act as stabilizing factor to ensure
that order can be achieved both
in the state in particular as well
as in society in general.

Classifications of
Government

A. According to the Geopolitical and

Distribution of Power
- This corresponds to where the power to
exercise governance is located
1. Unitary System
2. Federal System
3. Confederacy

UNITARY SYSTEM
The power to govern is given to the national or
central government
astate isgoverned as a single power in which
thecentral governmentis ultimately supreme and
anyadministrative divisions(sub-national units)
exercise only powers that the central government
chooses to delegate.
Examples: Italy, France, Philippines, Indonesia,
Ireland, South Africa, Myanmar, South Korea, etc.

FEDERAL SYSTEM
The power to govern is shared between the national,
state, and local levels.
There exists a central government but there are also
autonomous states.
federal system of government is one in which a
nation is ruled by a central government under which
there are smaller subdivisions of government.It is a
two-tiered system of government
Example: The United States (50 states)

FEDERAL SYSTEM
Afederal governmentis a system of dividing up
power between a central national government and
local state governments that are connected to one
another by the national government. Some areas of
public life are under the control of the national
government, and some areas are under control of the
local governments. Federal government systems
usually have a constitution that specifies what areas
of public life the national government will take control
over and what areas of public life the state
governments will take control over.

CONFEDERACY SYSTEM
A loose organization of independent states held
together by a weak central government.
A confederation (also known as confederacy or
league) is a union of political units for a common
actions in relation to other units.
Usually created by a treaty but often later adopting a
common constitution, confederations tend to be
established for dealing with critical issues (defense,
foreign affairs, or common currency), with the central
government being required to provide support fo all
members.

CONFEDERACY SYSTEM
A confederate government is a group of states,
nations or territories that are joined together by a
central government that has limited powers of
authority. With a weaker central government, the
individual state or nation governments retain a strong
sense of independence
Example: European Union

B. As to Who Possess the Power to governThis corresponds to who actually possess

the power to govern
1. The Government of One
2. The Government of a Few
3. The Government of the Many

A GOVERNMENT OF ONE
1. AUTOCRACY- any system of government in which the
power and authority to rule are in the hands of a
single individual.
-Anautocracyis asystem of governmentin which
supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one
person
Adolf Hitler
Germany

Benito
Mussolini
Italy

Examples of Autocracy
a. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP- a single leader seeks
to control all aspects of social and economic life

Adolf Hitler
Germany

Fidel Castro
Cuba

Joseph Stalin
Union Soviet of
Socialist Republic

Examples of Autocracy
b. DICTATOR RULE- a form of government where a
country is ruled by one person or political entity, and
exercised through various mechanisms to ensure the
entitys power remains strong.
Muhammad
Suharto
Indonesia
Ferdinand Marcos
Philippines

GOVERNMENT OF ONE
2. MONARCHY- traditionally ascribed to the power to
govern given to Kings, Queens, Emperors, Czars,
Sultans and the like.
a. Absolute Monarchy- Monarchs have complete and
unlimited power to rule their people.
King of Saudi
Arabia
(1400s1700s)
King Louis XIV of
France

Monarchy
b. Constitutional Monarchy/ Limited Monarchymonarchs do not possess the real power to govern.
-Serves mainly as ceremonial leaders of their
government.
- The power to govern is normally vested in the
hands of the President or the Prime Minister
Emperor and
Empress of
Japan

Queen
Elizabeth II
of England

Monarchy
Examples of countries
with absolute
monarchies today:
Saudi Arabia
Brunei
Qatar
Oman

Today constitutional
monarchies are mostly
associated with Western
European countries such
as theUnited Kingdom,
Netherlands,Belgium,
Norway, Denmark, Spain,
Luxembourg, Monaco, and
Sweden.
However, the two most
populous constitutional

A GOVERNMENT OF THE FEW

1. ARISTOCRACY- a form of government that places the
power in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.
- The term derives from the Greek word aristokratia
meaning, ruling of the best
- the highest social class in some countries:the people who
have special titles (such asduke andduchess), who
typically own land, and who traditionally have more
money and power than the other people in a society

A GOVERNMENT OF THE FEW

2. OLIGARCHY- any system of the government in which
a small group holds the power.
-As in dictatorships, oligarchies usually suppress all
political oppositions sometimes ruthless.
- in here exists, the rule of the wealthy whose policy
framework are directed against the poor and the
marginalized.
-the most well-knownexampleis the former Soviet
Union. Otherexamplesofoligarchygovernments are
found in thecountriesof China, North Korea, and

A GOVERNMENT OF THE MANY

DEMOCRACY
Supreme power is given to the
people and exercised by them
directly or indirectly through a
system of representation.
Democratic countries have
free elections where all
citizens have a vote.

A GOVERNMENT OF THE MANY

DEMOCRACY
The word democracy literally
means rule by the people.
a. DIRECT DEMOCRACY- the people
govern themselves by voting on issues
individually as citizens.
-No country has a government based
on direct democracy

A GOVERNMENT OF THE MANY

b. REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACYthe people elect representatives
and give them power to make laws
and conduct government.
- this is a form of democratic
government which vests the
sovereign power in the people but
is exercized by the representatives
chosen by the popular votes or
appointed by those who are
chosen.

C. As to Source of Power
1. Hereditary- The monarch inherits the
crown according to a fixed rule of
succession determined either by a
constitution, or act of parliament, or by the
rule of dynastic house or family to which the
monarch belongs
2. Elective- The voters elect the ruler

D. As to Political Structure
1. Parliament
2. Presidential/Republic