Group 4

Presentation

Presentation Outline

Part 1
Primary Legal Bases of Education
1987 Constitution
Education Act of 1982
PD No. 6-A

Other Legal Bases

Part 2
Nature and Structure of DepEd
Academic Calendar
Medium of Instruction
Government Agencies

Present and Future Directions of Education

Current Problems
Plans
Other Issues

The Philippine
Educational System
and its Legal Bases

Primary
Legal Bases

1987 Constitution
Three articles that deal directly or indirectly with
the education system of the Philippines:
Article II declaration of policies of the state
Article XIV - Education, Science and
Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV The Family

1987 Constitution
Article II
The State shall

value the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect
for human rights;
strengthen the family as a basic, self-governing social unit and
protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception;
provide support to parents in the rearing of their children for civic
efficiency and the development of moral character;
recognize the vital role of the youth in the country's development;
promote and protect the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and
social well-being of the youth;
make education, science and technology, arts, culture and
sports a priority of the State.

1987 Constitution

The kind of education that is envisioned

in the Constitution is "quality
and
a "complete, adequate,
education,"
integrated
system
of education relevant to the
needs of the people and society,"
all citizens
can access
and the State must
ensure that
this envisioned system of education.

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 1
The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall
take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 2
State
provide for a free public elementary and secondary education
provide scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies
and other incentives to deserving and poor students
manage and regulate, reasonably, all educational institutions
take into account regional and sectoral needs
enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 2
State
give the highest budgetary priority to education
give priority to research and development and innovation
and
protect the rights of scientists, inventors, artists and
other gifted citizens to their intellectual property rights
promote physical education and sports programs in
order to instill self-discipline and foster teamwork and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry.
patron of the arts and letters.

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 2
Academic Institutions
Include the study of the Constitution in their curricula.
inculcate patriotism and nationalism
foster love for humanity
promote respect for human rights
promote appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
teach the rights and duties of citizenship
encourage critical and creative thinking

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 2
Promotion of Arts, Culture, and Freedom
give academic freedom to all institutions of higher learning
ensure the right of all citizens to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable and equitable
academic requirements
preserve and enrich the Filipino national culture based on the principles of unity in diversity and free expression
protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities and to use these rights as inputs for national plans and
policies
support
researches
and
studies
on
the
arts
and
culture

1987 Constitution
Article XIV
Section 2
Language
Filipino is the national language of the Philippines
English and Filipino as the official languages

1987 Constitution
Article XV
protect and defend the right of children to assistance, including
proper care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms
of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions
prejudicial to their development
right of families or family associations to participate in the
planning and implementation of policies and programs that
affect them

Education Act of 1982

Outlines the structure of formal education

system as follows:
Elementary (including pre-school)
Secondary
Tertiary

Education Act of 1982

Work Education, Practical Arts, Technicalvocational education, Special Education, and

Non-formal Education are also provided to
meet the needs of individuals who, in certain
instances, are limited to follow the formal
education system.

Structure of the Formal Public Educational System

Age

Grade/
Year

Level

8 9 10 11

3 4

5 6

12 13 14 15

ELEMENTARY

SECONDARY

SCHOOL

(Compulsory)

(Optional)
General
Secondary
School
Vocational
Secondary
School
Special
Schools

Non-Formal Education
15-24 Out of School Youth`
25 above-Adults

20, 21 AND ABOVE

I II III IV

PRE

AGE

16 17 18 19

LEVEL
Basic Literacy
Level
Elementary Level
Secondary Level

TERTIARY

General, Humanities,
Educ/Teacher Trng,
Social/Beh. Sci.
Business Ad.,
Natural Science
Mathematics
Trades, Crafts
Home Econ.
Service Traders
Mass Com, Other Dis.,
Fine Arts, Architectural,
Religious/Theology,
Law & Jurisprudence,
Medical, Engineering,
Veterinary, Medicine
Post Secondary
2-3 Yr. Technical or
Technician

GRADUATE

POST
GRADUATE

Masteral
Courses

Doctoral
Courses

The Educational Act of 1972

(P.D. No. 6-A)

Goals of the educational system (Sec. 2:a-c)

objectives of the educational system (Sec. 3:a-d)
ten-year program to attain the objectives (Sec. 4:a-f)
educational projects to attain the objectives (Sec. 5:a-g)
working arrangement to attain the objective (Sec. 6:a-b)
the national board of education (Sec. 6, par. 2:a-c)

Other
Important
Legal Bases

Other Important Legal Bases

EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

The decree provided for the

establishment of primary school for
boys and girls in each town of the
country.

Other Important Legal Bases

ACT NO. 1870 OF 1908

The law served as the legal basis

for the creation of the University of
the Philippines.

Other Important Legal Bases

The Vocational Act as amended by

other acts laid the foundations of
VOCATIONAL ACT OF1927
vocational education in public
schools and made provisions for its
support.

Other Important Legal Bases

Also known as Commonwealth Act

No. 586, the Education Act laid the
foundations for the present sixyear elementary course and made
provisions for its support.

EDUCATION ACT OF 1940

Other Important Legal Bases

The Act placed public and private

schools under the supervision and
control of the Bureau of Public and
Private Schools.

REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1947

Other Important Legal Bases

The Act provided the legal basis for

the implementation of a ten-year
teacher education program in
special education.

REPUBLIC ACT 5250 OF 1966

Other Important Legal Bases

Popularly known as the Bilingual

Education Program of 1974, the
Order required the use of English
as medium of instruction for
science and mathematics subjects
and the use of Filipino as medium
of instruction for all other subjects
in the elementary and high school
levels.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND

SPORTS (DECS) ORDER NO. 25 OF 1974

Other Important Legal Bases

The Decree was a legal and formal

recognition of teachers as
PRESIDENTIAL
NO. as
1006
professionals
and DECREE
teaching
a OF 1976
profession.

Other Important Legal Bases

REPUBLIC ACT 6655 OF 1988

The Act created the Legal

Education Board whose task was to
regulate and improve the quality of
law schools in the Philippines in
order to stop the increasing
number of examinees who fail to
pass the bar examinations given
every year.

Other Important Legal Bases

REPUBLIC ACT NO.
5698

Popularly known as the Free Public

Secondary Education Act of 1988,
the Act created a system of free
education in public high schools.

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Beginning of the
Academic School Year

Nov Dec

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Summer Break

Nov Dec

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

four-five days
break at the
start of
November

Nov Dec

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan

Feb Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct

Two-three
weeks break

Nov Dec

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

Medium of instruction

English to the local vernacular

Chinese and Arabic in the southern part of the country

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

1987

1994

2001

1987 DECS is the principal

government agency responsible
for education and manpower
development.

Government Agencies

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

1987

1994

2001

1994 Tri-focalization of
Education Management
RA 7722 and RA 7796 created:
DECS for basic education
CHED for higher education
TESDA for post-secondary,
middle-level manpower
training and development

Government Agencies

Nature and Structure of

Philippine Education

1987

1994

2001

Governance of Basic Education

Act of 2001
RA 9155:
Formally renamed DECS as the
Department of Education
(DepEd) and transferred culture
and sports to the National
Commission for the Culture and the
Arts and the Philippine Sports
Commission
Government
Agencies

Present and Future

Direction of Philippine
Education and
Noncommittal Issues

Current Problems

There are still not enough classrooms.

Many schools still lack even the most basic utilities like
water and electricity.
There are not enough textbooks, and the ones that are
there are still filled with errors.
There are still too many children in a classroom and too
few teachers to take care of them.

Current Problems

Our pupils and students are not learning what they

should, when they should.
Our schools have so far been unable to provide our
learners with a globally competitive level of mastery of
desired concepts and skills.

Current Problems

Teachers also lack the competence to confidently

discuss their subject matter. Their teaching methods
are outdated and their training is woefully inadequate.
They are overworked and underpaid.
Teacher Education Institutions are finding it
increasingly difficult to turn out confident, highly
motivated teachers.

Government Plans /
Visions
SONA (2010)
Oras na maipatupad ang public-private partnerships na ito,
mapopondohanang mga serbisyong panlipunan, alinsunod sa
ating plataporma. Magkakapondo na po para maipatupad ang
mga plano natin sa edukasyon.
Mapapalawak natin ang basic education cycle mula sa
napakaikling sampung taon tungo sa global standard na
labindalawang taon. Madadagdagan natin ang mga classroom.
Mapopondohan natin ang service contracting sa ilalim ng
GASTPE.
Pati ang conditional cash transfers, na magbabawas ng pabigat
sa bulsa ng mga pamilya, madadagdan na rin ng pondo.

Government Plans /
Visions
Millennium Development Goals
Fix Philippine basic education through 12-year basic education cycle
Universal preschooling for all
Madaris education as a sub-system within the education system
Technical vocational education as an alternative stream in senior high school,
ensuring that every child is a reader by grade 1
Focusing on science and math proficiency
Providing assistance to private schools as essential partners in basic education
Rationalizing the medium of instruction
Providing quality textbooks forging of covenant with local governments to build
more schools.

Other Issues

12 Year Basic Education

This has been proposed in order to
conform with global standards and
improve the quality of education.
However, many opposed to the 2 year
addition to basic education. The
reasons were outlined in this article.

Other Issues

Sex education
Schools have started teaching
sex education that aimed at
curbing the birth rate in the
Philippines.
Howeverm
the
Catholic Church opposes to this.

Other Issues

Inclusive education
The fundamental principle of
inclusive school is that all children
should learn together, wherever
possible,
regardless
of
any
difficulties or differences they may
have.

Other Issues

Cyber Ed
Cyber Ed is the technology
that
will
enable
the
Department to deliver high
quality education to our
students and out-of-school
youth even in the remotest
areas of the country.