Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA),

conducts censuses to obtain information about socio

economic conditions in the country.
This helps government makes plans, such as how many
schools and hospitals to build. Censuses of population
and housing are conducted every 10 years on years
ending in zero (e.g., 1990, 2000, 2010) to obtain
population counts, and demographic information about
all Filipinos.
Middecade population censuses have also been
conducted since 1995. Censuses of agriculture, and of
Philippine business and industry, are also conducted
by the PSA to obtain information on production and other
relevant economic information.

Confidentiality of Information

data
may be viewed as a collection
of facts from experiments,
observations, sample
surveys and censuses, and
administrative reporting
systems).

Data are varying but

even if it varies, some
numbers may show up
more than once
in the entire data set.

Frequency of a
particular data value is
the number
of times the data value
occurs.

Statistical Questions and Non-Statistical

Questions

Statistical questions are answered

by collecting data with variation (and
consequently summaries for the data
will be required)
Non-statistical questions
are questions where answer require
specific facts (and not data with
variation), so summary statistics and
graphs will not be needed for non-

Lets
try!!!

Which of the following are statistical questions and why

1. How old is student number

3 (in the class list)?
(Not a statistical question since
only a particular fact, the age of
student number 3, is of interest)

2. How old are the people

who watch the most recent
episode of the television
show Maalaala Mo Kaya?
(Statistical question since
this will require getting
data on ages of all viewers
of the tv show)

3. Do dogs eat more than cats?

(Statistical question since this
will require getting data on the
amount of food eaten by dogs
and cats,m maybe a sample of
them, for a reference period,
say past week, or past month)

4. Is the vehicle of the Mayor of

our city/town/municipality bigger
than
the vehicle used by the
President of the Philippines?
(Not a statistical question since only
a particular fact, size of mayors car
in relation to size of vehicle of
president, is of interest)

5. How many days are

there in December?
(Not a statistical question
since only a particular fact,
number of days in
December, is of interest)

6. Does it rain more in

Cebu than in Davao?
(Statistical question
since this will require
getting rainfall data on
the two cities in a
reference period, say
past month, past year)

7. Do I have a college
degree?

(Not a statistical question

since only a particular fact,
whether or not I have a
college degree, is of interest)

8. How much was the

Supreme Court Chief
Justices last paycheck for?
(Not a statistical question since
only a particular fact, the amount
of income received by the SC CJ in
the last paycheck, is of interest)

9. Do math teachers earn

more than science
teachers?
(Statistical question since
this will require getting
data on income/wages of
either all math and science
teachers, or even a sample
of these teachers)

10. How many searches on

Google do residents in
Makati City (or some other
city near the school)
conduct each day?
(Statistical question since
this will require getting
data on the frequency of
Google searches of

11. What is the weight of

Student A, say Ana (or
whatever random name you
can get from the list of
student names)?
(Not a statistical question since
only a particular fact, weight of
Student A is being asked)

12. What is the proportion of

students in class who are
underweight or overweight for
their age?
(Statistical question since this
will require getting data on
the weights of all students in
class, comparing these
weights to a reference weight
for student ages, and

Data and
Statistics

data may be viewed as the

facts (counts,
measurements, or opinions)
obtained to answer a
statistical question.

Statistics is a science
that studies data, and
what we can do with data.
This involves processes
from collecting, processing
(including performing
quality checks), analyzing,
interpreting and
communicating data.

Trivia:
The word statistics actually comes from
the word state because governments
have been involved in the statistical
activities, especially the conduct of censuses
either for military or taxation purposes. The
need for and conduct of censuses are
recorded in the pages of holy texts. In the
Christian Bible, particularly the Book of
Numbers, God is reported to have instructed
Moses to carry out a census. Another census
mentioned in the Bible is the census ordered
by Caesar Augustus throughout the entire
Roman Empire before the birth of Christ.

Statistical methods enable us to

characterize persons, objects,

situations, and phenomena;
explain relationships among
variables
formulate objective assessments
and comparisons;
make evidence-based decisions
and predictions.

Main tasks of a statistician include:

Designing the collection of data to

answer statistical questions in a
way that maximizes information
content and minimizes bias;
Verifying the quality of the data
after it is collected
Examining data so that insight and
meaningful information can be
produced to support decision
making.

ASSESSMENT
1. Ten persons were randomly
selected and asked how many
letters were in their
middle names, and we received
the following data: 6, 6, 7, 12, 15,
7, 8, 7, 6, 7

2. Martin collected data over the last

10 days on the amount of hours of
sleep he had every night, and made a
line plot of these data.

Questions for no. 2

a.

What was the most sleep he got in one night?

b. What was the least amount of sleep he got in

one night?
c. What is the most common amount of sleep
he get?
d. How many nights did he sleep less than 9
hours?
e. How many nights did he sleep more than 9
hours?

3. Ronald collected information

about favorite sports among his
friends

a.What is the most popular type

of dog from the data?
b.How many of Ronalds friends
that were questioned do not
consider Basketball or Football
as their favorite sport?
c. How many friends did Ronald
question?