THE DIENCEPHALON

DIENCEPHALON
Inst. of Anatomy, 2nd Medical Faculty
R. Druga

THE DIENCEPHALON
EPITHALAMUS

THALAMUS
SUBTHALAMUS

HYPOTHALAMUS

AMPHIBIANS

MAMMALS

DIENCEPHALON medial aspect

Mediln plocha

Dorsal aspect

Dorsln
plocha

Internal capsule

THE THALAMUS (nuclei)

Hlavn thalamick jdra
Anterior nuclei
Medial nuclei (mediodorsal nc.)

Lateral nuclei dorsal tier (lateral dorsal nc., lateral posterior nc.

ventral tier ( ventral anterior VA, ventral lateral VL, ventral

posterolateral- VPL, ventral posteromedial VPM, ventral
intermediate - VIM,
Medial geniculate nc.,
Lateral geniculate nc.,
Intralaminar nuclei
Midline nuclei
Posterior nuclei (nuclei of pulvinar)
Reticular nucleus (inhibitory, GABAergic neurons)

Thalamic nuclei
Relay nuclei (rel jdra, pepojovac jdra)

MGN, LGN, VPL, VPM, VL, VA

Receives input predominantly from a single source
Processed information is sent to a localized region of
cortex
Are modality specific
Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized cortical
response)

Association nuclei
MD, LD, LP, Posterior ncc.,
Receives input from a number of structures or cortical
areas
Sends fibers to the association cortical areas
Specific nuclei (after stimulation sharply localized
response in the cortex)

HYPOTHALAMUS

Vasopresin (Antidiuretic h.),

Oxytocin (uterus,ejection of milk)

Somatotropin, Prolactin, Folitropin,

Lutropin, thyrotropin, ACTH

THE HYPOTHALAMUS
Lateral zone

No discrete nuclei
Regulation of food and water
intake

Tuberal region (middle reg.)

Medial zone
Well defined nuclei

Chiasmatic region (anterior region)

Mamillary region (posterior

reg.)

hormone release SO,PV)

Cardiovascular function (Ant.)
Circadian rhytms (SCH)
Body temperature (Preoptic nc.)

VM satiety center (lesion

produces hyperphagia + obesity)
Arcuate nc. - delivers peptides to
the portal vessels

Posterior nc.- elevating of blood

pressure, pupillary dilatation, body
heat conservation
Mammillary ncc. memory
formation (fornix)