POPOLATION PROCESS IN

AGRICULTURE:
DISPERSAL,
ESTABLISHMENT, AND
THE ECOLOGICAL NICHE

Principles of Population Ecology and Plant

Demography
Ecologycal Niche
Aplications of Niche Theory to Agriculture
Population Ecology- A Crop Perspective

Population density number

of individuals of a given
species in a specific area at a
given time

Species dispersal contributes to the

distribution of organisms
Dispersal refers to the process of
distribution of individuals within
geographic population boundaries.

Population Growth

R = (N + I) (M + E)

Populations cannot continue

unrestricted growth because of resource
limitations

Figure . The population growth curve

Stages of Colonization

Dispersal
Establishment
Growth and maturation
Reproduction

Life-History Strategies

r strategies - (r = growth rate) species

that live in harsh or variable
environments in which mortality is
mostly determined by limiting
enviromental factors
K strategies - (K=carrying capacity)
species that live in stable or predictable
enviroment where mortality is more a
function of density-dependent factors
KRT-2008

Stress/Disturbance-Intensity
Theory

Ruderals (R), which are adapted to

conditions of high disturbance and low
stress
Stress tolerators (S), which live in highstress, low-disturbance environments
Competitors (C), which live under
conditions of low disturbance and have
good competitive abilities

Table 1. Life history strategies based on stress

and disturbance levels in enviroment
High stress
High Disturbance (Plant mortality)
Low Disturbance

Low stress
Ruderals (R)

Stress tolerators (S) Competitors (C)

Struktur Umur
Populasi pertumbuhan cepat (2%/tahun), 52% dibawah 20 th

Populasi pertumbuhan lambat (1%/tahun)

Populasi tidak ada pertumbuhan

Tingkat kelahiran
Tingkat kematian
Tingkat pertumbuhan
Kecenderungan migrasi
Tingkat kebutuhan pangan
Biaya ekonomi

Harvesting of population
Populasi Biomass:
total berat = jumlah individu dalam populasi dikalikan
rata-rata berat/individu
Tegakan Tanaman:
Jumlah individu dalam populasi pada waktu tertentu
atau biomass
Produktivitas
Jumlah bahan hidup yang diproduksi persatuan waktu
oleh populasi
Hasil
Apa yang diambil dalam panen oleh manusia