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Pressure Vessels Asme
Pressure Vessels Asme
DESIGN PROCEDURES
Pressure Vessels
Closed vessel having an internal pressure
between 15 psig to 3000 psig
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code contains
rules for the design, fabrication and inspection of
boilers and pressure vessels
May include reflux drum, storage tanks, heat
exchangers, chemical reactors, distillation
columns, absorption tower, stripping columns,
etc.
PR
tp
C
SE 0.6 P
where
tp = shell thickness required (inch) [m]
P = Internal design gauge pressure (psig) [kN/m2]
R = Inside Radius (inch) [m]
S = Allowable stress (psi) [kN/m2]
E = Joint efficiency factor (Table 6-2)
C = Corrosion allowance (inch) [m]
PR
tp
C
SE 0.6 P
Provided that
tp less than or equal to
R
or
2
PR
tp
C
SE 0.4 P
where
tp = shell thickness required (inch) [m]
P = Internal gauge pressure (psig) [kN/m2]
R = outside Radius (inch) [m]
S = Allowable stress (psi) [kN/m2]
E = Joint efficiency factor (Table 6-2)
C = Corrosion allowance (inch) [m]
ts = tV + t c
=
=
=
=
Te
2.6
D
o
Te
0.45
Do
Em
e
T
D
o
0.5
=
=
=
=
SEt p
P
where
P
R
tp
E
S
R 0.2t p
=
=
=
=
=
t 0.356ri
or P 0.665SE J
Design Temperature
Design Pressure
Operating
Pressure ,Po
(psig)
0 -5
10
10 1,000
1,000 +
1.1Po
Material of Construction
Carbon Steel >>> Non-corrosive
environment, T= (-20 to 650 OF)
Low Alloy Steel >>> Non-corrosive
environment, T= (650 to 900 OF)
Stainless Steel 300 Series >>> can be
used up to 1,500 OF
Psi x 106
Carbon Steel Low-alloy
Steel
30.2
29.5
28.3
26.0
-
30.2
29.5
28.6
27.0
26.6
25.7
24.5
Metal
Carbon steel
(SA-285, Gr. C)
Low-alloy steel
for resistance to
H2 and H2S
(SA-387, Gr. 12C1.1)
High-tensile steel
for heavy-wall
vessels
(SA-302, Gr.B)
High-alloy steel
for cladding and
corrosion resistance
Stainless 304
(SA-240)
Stainless 316
(SA-240)
Nonferrous metals
Copper (SB-11)
Aluminum(SB-209, 1100-0)
S, kPa
-29 to 343
399
454
-29 to 427
510
565
649
-29 to 399
454
510
538
94,500
82,700
57,200
94,500
75,800
34,500
6,900
137,900
115,800
69,000
42,750
-29
343
427
538
128,900
77,200
72,400
66,900
-29
345
427
538
128,900
79,300
75,800
73,100
38
204
38
204
46,200
20,700
15,900
6,900
Sample Problem
Determine the thickness of a 5 meter
inside diameter spherical tank for
handling a corrosive liquid at a design
pressure and temperature of 300KPa
and 27F, respectively. The material of
construction is made of carbon steel.
Sample Problem
If the height of the tank is 35m, what
is the thickness of the tank
incorporating earthquake and wind
load?
What if the given pressure is an
operating pressure?
Beveled Cont.
Corner Joints
Used to join to pieces of metal that are
approximately right angles to each other
Closed corner joint is used on light sheet
metal were strength is not required at the
joint
Half open corner joint is used on heavier
metal when welding can only be done on
one side. Used when load is not severe.
Corner Cont.
Open corner joint is used on heavy
material. It is the strongest of the corner
joints
Corner joints on heavy material are
welded on both sides The outside first
then reinforced on the inside
Corners Cont.
Edge Joints
Used to join two parallel or nearly parallel
pieces of metal (0.25 in thick or less). Not
very strong.
Used mainly to join edges of sheet metal,
reinforce flanges of I beams, and mufflers.
Lap Joints
Used to join two overlapping pieces of
metal
Single lap joint welded from one side
Single lap joint welded from two sides
develops full strength
Off set lap joint is used when two pieces of
metal need to be joined in the same plain.
Tee Joints
Used to join two pieces of metal that are
approximately 90 degrees to each other,
but the surface of one piece of metal is not
in the same plain as the other metal.
Types of Welds
Fillet weld- basic weld used. Used when
joining two pieces of metal without
preparing the surface of the metal first.
Groove weld- basic weld, used when
preparing the metal before welding it into
place.
Fillet Welds
Groove Welds
Weld/Joint Efficiency
Welding heats the metal surrounding the welding area
- results in warping, shrinking of the welded area
Stress Relieving
localized stress
- annealing or hammering
Radiographing
structural trouble
- welded joints are exposed to x-ray to detect
excessive porosity, defective fusion and other
defects in
the welding process
Weld/Joint Efficiency
For carbon steels (t 1.25 in)
requires only 10% x-ray check
E = 85%
Weld/Joint Efficiency
Longitudinal joints should be butt- welded
Vessels in lethal application should be
butt-welded and fully radiographed
All vessels fabricated on carbon or alloy
steel requires post-heat treatment
All welded joints of cryogenic tanks must
be butt welded, postweld heat treated and
X- ray examined
100%
85%
70 %
eads to main shell, to formed heads, to transition in diameter, to nozzles, or any welded joint co
eads to main shell, to formed heads, to transition in diameter, to nozzles, or any welded joint co
Joint Description
(2)
Limitations
Joint
Category
None
A, B, C
&D
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
Type
No.
Joint Description
Limitations
Joint
Category
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
Circumferential
butt A, B & NA
C
(3) Single-welded butt joint without joints only. Not over
use of backing strip
5/8in. thick and not over
24in outside diameter
(4)
circumferential
joints B & C
not over 5/8in. thick
NA 0.60
NA
NA 0.55
NA
NA 0.55
Type
No.
(5)
(6)
Joint Description
Limitations
(a)
Circumferential
joints2
for
attachment of heads not over 24in.
outside diameter to shells not over
1/2in. thick.
(b) Circumferential joint for the
attachment to shells of jackets not over
5/8in. in nominal thickness where the
distance from the center of the plug
weld to the edge of the plate is not less
than 1-1/2 times the diameter of the
hole for the plug.
(a) For the attachment of heads convex
to pressure to shells not over 5/8in.
required thickness. only with use of
fillet weld on
inside of shells, or
(b) For attachment of heads having
pressure on either side. To shells not
over 24in. inside diameter and not
over 1/4in. required thickness with
fillet weld on outside of head flange
only.
Joint
Category
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
a
b
c
Full
Spot
None
NA
NA 0.50
NA
NA 0.50
A&B
NA
NA 0.50