OVERFLUXING IN TRANSFORMERS

Whenever there is an over-voltage (frequency remaining

constant), the transformer core is subjected to a higher value
of flux in order to be able to support the higher applied
voltage.
The emf equation of a transformer is given by
V=4.44 f N
= V/4.44 f N

CAUSES OF OVERFLUXING

Increase in applied voltage

Decrease in frequency
High V/f ratio
Violation of maximum magnetic flux density limit

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Peak rated value of the flux density -1.7 to 1.8 Tesla
Saturation flux density of the core -1.9 to 2 Tesla ( 1.1 times the
rated value)
Maximum overfluxing should not exceed 110%

EFFECTS OF OVERFLUXING

At saturation , due to excessive magnetisation current and flux density

the core steel will over heat.
High eddy current losses
Physical damage
Windings are affected due to harmonic rich current

PROTECTION AGAINST OVERFLUXING

V/f relay is used to monitor the V/f ratio
Transformers at substations are tripped at the stipulated time.
Instantaneous tripping is not desired.

OVERFLUXING LIMIT CURVE

V/f

1.1

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.4

1.5

Time

continuo
us

0.50

0.09

0.08