Pulse Width Modulation

PWM

Pulse width Modulation is one of the

powerful techniques used in control
systems
It is used in wide range of application
speed control,
power control,
measurement and communication

Basic Principle of PWM

Pulse width modulation is basically a

square wave with a varying high and
low time

Definitions

On-Time: Duration of time for which

o/p signal is high
Off-Time: Duration of time for which
o/p signal is low
Period: It is represented as the sum
of on-time and off-time of PWM signal
Duty cycle: It is represented as
percentage of time signal remains on
during the period of the PWM signal

Period of signal Ttotal = Ton + Toff

Duty Cycle =

PWM implementation using timers

switching port pin high/low at defined

intervals
width of square wave varied but
keeping same time period of the
square wave.

A DC motor used for irrigation purposes is controlled by two

switches. Design a circuit to control the duty cycle of the motor
Switch 1
Switch 2
Duty cycle
0 0 25%
0 1 50%
1 0 90%
1 1 10%
With neat block diagram and embedded C program, explain its
operation

void MSDelay(unsigned int itime)

{
unsigned int i,j;
for (i=0;i<itime;i++)
for (j=0;j<1275;j++);
}