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Generator Excitation System Desing Consideration
Generator Excitation System Desing Consideration
Seminar
Hungary 2007
LIST OF TOPICS
A) Type of generators
B) What kind of data are needed ?
C) Type of power supplies
D) Sensing circuits : PTs and CTs
LIST OF TOPICS
E) Control voltage
F) Accessories
G) New technologies (introduction) *
H) Examples and how to read a single line diagram
A) TYPE OF GENERATORS
Identify generator type:
- Slip ring
- Brush type
- Brushless type
F+
AVR
F-
GENERATOR
STATOR
REVOLVING FIELD
ROTARY EXCITER,
BRUSH-TYPE GENERATOR
BRUSHES
F+
FIELD
(STATOR)
AVR
ARM
GENERATOR
STATOR
FVOLTAGE REGULATOR
SLIP RINGS
ROTATING
STATIONARY
F+
GENERATOR
FIELD
AVR
FROTARY
EXCITER
Generator data :
- APPARENT POWER (in kVA)
- GENERATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE (in Volts / V)
- GENERATOR FREQUENCY (in Hertz / Hz)
- POWER FACTOR (nominal = 0.8 or 0.9 in general)
4) S = (P + Q)
5) cos phi = P / S
Excitation data :
1) At no load (voltage and current)
2) At full load
3) At full load +10% (or +20%)
4) In ceiling condition
5) In short-circuit condition
1) Shunt
2) Auxiliary windings
3) PMG (Permanent Magnet Generator)
4) Separate source
GEN
B
C
N
CW
F+ FFIELD
OUTPUT
POWER
INPUT
E1 E3
SENSING
INPUT
VOLTAGE
ADJUST
POWER CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SENSING CIRCUIT
GEN
B
C
CW
F+ FFIELD
OUTPUT
POWER
INPUT
E1 E3
SENSING
INPUT
VOLTAGE
ADJUST
POWER CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SENSING CIRCUIT
GEN
B
C
N
PMG
CW
F+ FFIELD
OUTPUT
POWER
INPUT
E1 E3
SENSING
INPUT
VOLTAGE
ADJUST
POWER CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SENSING CIRCUIT
+
+
+
+
I 0/4
I 4/4
Current
I ceiling
Yes / No
GEN
B
C
N
CW
SPEED
CONTACTS
F+ FFIELD
OUTPUT
POWER
INPUT
E1 E3
SENSING
INPUT
VOLTAGE
ADJUST
POWER CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SENSING CIRCUIT
CT on phase B ?
3) Phase sequence :
+1
+1
E1
E2
E3
CT
E) CONTROL VOLTAGE
1) Can be AC or DC :
- For contactors, relays, AVR, transducers, PLC, lamp
- For the field flashing system (if needed) -> size of the battery to be checked
- For AC purpose :
Fuse
Fuse
- For DC purpose :
Fuse
Rectifier
bridge
Resistor
Blocking
diode
F) ACCESSORIES
1) Meters :
- Choice has to be made according to :
Generator data (kVA, V, Hz, cos phi)
Excitation data (Vdc, Idc)
Customer requirements
F) ACCESSORIES
F) ACCESSORIES
2) Transducers :
- Choice has to be made according to :
Generator data (kVA, V, Hz, cos phi).
Excitation data (Vdc, Idc)
Customer requirements
G) NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Excitation system+protections
A.V.R.
Protection
Modbus
Modbus
PLC
PLC
(Transducers)
Generator Control Panel (GCP)
Speed Governor
Protection
(Transducers)
Example : A.V.R. :
Metering
Setpoint Control *
Status **
Modbus
PLC
** Excitation limiting
** Active mode (Auto, Manu, )
H) INTERESTING INFORMATION ON A
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
- Generator data :
* Rotating diodes (low excitation data)
* Generator frequency = 50Hz
* primary voltage = 660V
- Power circuit :
* Frequency = 50Hz
* primary voltage = 660V
* Three phase
* Single phase
H) INTERESTING INFORMATION ON A
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
- Boost circuit :
* 2 CTs (open-delta)
* (Voltage = 660V)
- Earth connections :
* On AC power circuit (boost+PT)
* On DC power circuit
- Protective relays :
* Over excitation (76 function)
* Over voltage (59 function)
* Under voltage (27 function)
H) INTERESTING INFORMATION ON A
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
1) Conclusion :
- Locate the generator
- Locate the sensing circuits
- Locate the power circuits (which type of power supply ? Boost circuit ?)
- Locate the accessories (specific transducers, meters, )
- Is there any mechanical drawing (that could give an idea about the sizes
of the components, )
In order to check the interface between our equipment and your system,
please fill in the following data sheet:
Customer :
Cotation/order number :
Project name :
I) Generator data :
Pow er (in kVA) :
Voltage (in V) :
Frequency (in Hz) :
Pow er factor :
2) Type of system :
Mounting plate
Cubicle
Small cabinet
4) Forcing condition :
Typically 1.6x excitation voltage at full load :
Voltage
24Vdc (recommended) :
110Vdc :
125Vdc :
Other :
9) Certifications :
a)
b)
c)
d)
CE requirements :
UL requirements :
Marine requirements (RINA,..) :
Other :
:
the cubicle (mm)
QUESTIONS