Transfusion therapy

in pediatrics
Seminar

Done By: Rushdi Kotaiba Aldeiri 11110033

Supervised by Dr. Mohammed Shahed Ghaffar

Composition of blood

Introduction
Definition:

blood transfusion is the process of

receiving blood or blood products into one's
circulation intravenously.

First

transfusion done in 1665, first human blood

transfusion done in 1795.

The

process has specific indications and carries

multiple risks.

Types of transfusion products

Whole

blood: blood before separation containing an

anticoagulant.

PRBC: red blood cells that have been collected, processed,

and stored in bags as blood product units available for blood

transfusion (from whole blood or Apheresis)

FFP: liquid portion of human blood that has been frozen and

preserved after a blood donation, rich in coagulation factors.

Types of transfusion products

Platelet

concentrates.

Cryoprecipitate: Blood Component Therapy, prepared

from plasma, contains fibrinogen, VWF, factor VIII, factor XIII

and fibronectin.

Recombinant

factor concentrates: laboratory made

Recombinant

factor VIIa: same as above.

through genetic recombination.

Rarely indicated and is most useful to provide both oxygenWhole

blood and functional procoagulant and
carrying capacity
anticoagulant factors, Otherwise, packed RBCs are used to
treat anemia.

Infections risk.

Indications:

Acute blood loss with hypovolemia.

Exchange transfusion.

Contraindications:

Packed red blood cells

Risk of infection

Indications:

Anemia.

Acute blood loss with

addition crystalloids or
colloids.

Fresh frozen plasma

Rich in coagulation factors.

Indications:

Coagulopathic
hemorrhages.

Replacement of multiple
coagulation factor
deficiencies (liver
disease, warfarin
overdose, DIC, TTP).

Platelets

Indications:

Thrombocytopenia.

Platelet dysfunction with bleeding

or preoperative.

Bone marrow failure.

Not indicated for:

ITP.

TTP.

Untreated DIC.

Hypersplenism.

Cryoprecipitate

Indications:

Low fibrinogen states.

Hemophilia A.

vWD.

DIC.

Common transfusion products

Transfusion Reactions

Risk of infections

References

Kliegman, Robert, and Stanton, Bonita, Nelson

Textbook of pediatrics.20th edition, ELSEVIER, 2016.

Lssauer, Tom, and Graham Clayden. Illustrated

Textbook of Pediatrics. Fourth ed. MOSBY ELSEVIER,
2012.

Marcdante, K. J., & Kliegman, R. M. (2015). Nelson

essential of pediatrics (Seventh ed.). Philadelphia
(Pa.): W.B. Saunders.

Thank You
R