Treated Base Course

Treated Base Course

Asphalt
Lime
Portland Cement
Other materials as binders mixed with the
aggregate base course.

When the treated base course is

adopted?
If it is in the study or analysis of the
highway agency
A better road can be produced at a minimal
over all cost
When the politician order the highway office
to construct the road with or without the
study because it was a commitment during
the campaign period

Asphalt or bituminous treatment is

employed to waterproof and bind
the granular aggregate to the sand
and clay. Thus, waterproofing is
asphalts primary function.

Factors Affecting the Type of

Asphalt Binders for Based
Coursed Aggregate

The mixing procedure is either by plant or

field mixing.
If mixing is processed in the plant, the
aggregate is heated to specified temperature
and mixed with either; Asphalt Cement
Cutback or Emulsion asphalt.
The quality of asphalt is classified as either for
stabilizing or for water proofing purposes only

Factors Affecting the Type of Asphalt

Binders for Based Coursed
Aggregate
If the purpose if for stability, mixtures are
measured in the laboratory by Marshall or
HVEEM Stabilometer procedures. The weight of
asphalt in percentage would probably in the
range of 5% to 7%.
If the purpose is for waterproofing only, 2% to
3% of the asphalt binder is added.
If Emulsion asphalt is used, enough water is
included in the mixture to allow compaction at
near optimum moisture content

Sand and Asphalt Base Course

The sand and asphalt base course is
composed of either, loose beach sand,
dune pit or river sand cemented with
asphalt materials.
sand and clay mixture on early road
construction.

Cutback asphalt, Emulsified

asphalt or Tars have been
introduce as substitute for the
clay binders to produce quality
base courses for roads and
highways.

Sand for mixing asphalt should be clean

and strong, because the surface
properties and grain shape must have
the quality to resist displacement under
load.

Asphalt binders with the grade of asphalt

cement for hot plant mixing should be:
Medium viscosity, rapid or medium curing asphalts
Slow setting emulsified asphalt or
Tars of grade RT-6 to RT-10

The content of asphalt binder is in percent by

weight ranging from 4% to 10%.

Fine Grain Asphalt Base

An asphalt base and sub-grade constructed
with fine grained has a controlled Plastic
Index of 6 to 10 respectively. Aggregates
with Plasticity Index up to 30 are
processed with lime. Those up to 50%
passing the No. 200 sieve and Plastic
Index up to 18 can be stabilized even
without pretreatment.

Soil and Base Course Stabilized with

Cement
The use of Portland cement in stabilizing soils
and aggregates was initially practiced after WW1
in 1914.
1. Cement stabilization by mixing natural materials
and Portland cement compacted at optimum
moisture content and cured to hydrate the cement
is considerably strong and stable base. It is less
susceptible to deformation caused by moisture
and temperature changes.

2. Comparatively, this is less rigid than

Portland cement concrete because its
modulus of elasticity ranges from 100, 000
for clay soils with little cement up to
1,000,000 for the strong mixture. Its
compressive strength ranges from 300 psi
to 600 psi with flexural strength of about
20 % of the compressive value.

3.Portland cement concrete modulus

of elasticity ranges from 3 million to
6 million with compressive strength
of about 3,000 to 5,000 psi.

Stabilized cement mixture is called Soil

Cement produced by using abundant native
local materials subdivided into three types:
1. Sandy and gravelly soils containing less
than 25% silt and clay
2. Sand with lesser amount of fines like beach
sand, glacial and windblown sand.
3. Silty and Clayey Soils

AASHTO standard methods

Ranges from 135 pcf for a well down
graded gravel down to 85 pcf for silty
or clayey soils.
95% recommended density
Quality of aggregate cement mixture is
measured by its ability to resist
abrasion and disintegration.