NETWORK ANALYSIS

BPB21103
CHAPTER 2: AC POWER ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Every electrical device has a power rating that

indicates how much power the equipment requires;
exceeding the power rating can cause permanent
damage.

The choice of power delivery in 50- or 60-Hz ac

form is due to the allowed high-voltage power
transformation.

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

INSTANTANEOUS POWER

Instantaneous Power is the power

measured at any instant of time.
The unit is in Watt.
It is the rate at which an element
absorbs energy.

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

INSTANTANEOUS POWER
The instantane ous power is defined as
p (t ) v(t )i (t ) watts (W)
Assuming sinusoidal excitation ,
v(t ) Vm cos(t v )

i (t ) I m cos(t i )
p (t ) v(t )i (t ) Vm I m cos(t v ) cos(t i )
1
1
Vm I m cos( v i ) Vm I m cos( 2t v i )
2
2
time independen t twi ce angular frequency

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

AVERAGE POWER

Average Power is the average of

instantaneous power over 1 period.

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

AVERAGE POWER
Z

V
V
I
m ( v i ) R jX cos( v i ) m R
I
Im
Vm

1
1
1
1 2
Vm I m cos( v i ) Re VI * I m2 R
I R
2
2
2
2

Case 1 : v i for a purely resistive circuit

1 2
I R 0 , if R 0.
2
Case 2 : v i 90 for a purely reactive circuit

1
Vm I m cos 90 0
2

A resistive load absorbs power at all time, while a reactive

load ( L or C ) absorbs zero average power.
BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 1
Given that
v(t ) 120 cos(377t 45)

i (t ) 10 cos(377t 10)
Determine the instantaneous power and the average power.

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXERCISE 1
Given that
v(t ) 200 cos(270t 54)

i (t ) 15 cos(270t 25)
calculate the instantaneous power and the average power.

EXERCISE 2

Determine the the average power absorbed by an impedance

Z (30 j 70) when a voltage V 1200 is applied

across it.

Ans:

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

TUTORIAL 1

If v(t) = 160 cos 50t V and i(t) = - 20 sin

(50t - 30) A, calculate the instantaneous
power and the average power
Given the circuit below, find the average
power supplied or absorbed by each
element

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

TUTORIAL 2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXERCISE 3

A load consists of a 60 resistor in

parallel with 90F capacitor. If the load is
connected to a voltage source vs(t) =40
cos 2000t, find the average power
delivered to the load.

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EFFECTIVE OR RMS VALUE

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EFFECTIVE OR RMS VALUE

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EFFECTIVE OR RMS VALUE

For the sinusoid i (t ) I m cos t , the rms valus is
1 T 2
2
I rms
I
cos
tdt
m

0
T
Similarly, for v(t ) Vm cos t ,

I m2
T

Im
1
1 cos 2t dt
2
2

Vm
Vrms
2
The average power can be written as
V I
1
P Vm I m cos( v i ) m m cos( v i )
2
2 2
Vrms I rms cos( v i )
BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 3

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 4

Ans:

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXERCISE 2

Ans: 32W
BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

APPARENT POWER & POWER FACTOR

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

APPARENT POWER & POWER FACTOR

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

APPARENT POWER & POWER FACTOR

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 5

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXAMPLE 5

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXERCISE 1

Ans:

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

pf 0.9734
P 125W

AC POWER
NFR

TUTORIAL

1
2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

COMPLEX POWER

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

COMPLEX POWER

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

COMPLEX POWER

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

COMPLEX POWER

Impedance Z

V Vrms Vrms

( v i )
I
I rms I rms

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

POWER TRIANGLE

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 1

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXAMPLE 1

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXAMPLE 1

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXERCISE 1

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXERCISE 2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXERCISE 3

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

EXERCISE 2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

AC POWER

b) PT 2.5kW

EXERCISE 3

Ans:

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

Q T 1.8kVAR
c) ST 3081VAR
d)

I 25.7A

AC POWER
NFR

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 1

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 1:Solution 1/2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 1:

Solution 2/2

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXAMPLE 2:

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXERCISE 1

Ans:

150 A

EXERCISE 2

Ans:
BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

EXERCISE 3

S2 2014

BPB 21103 - NETWORK ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

AC POWER
NFR

Thank You