"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Section 4

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

ATM Adaptation Layer

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-1

Objectives

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

At the end of this section the students will be able to:

Discuss the role of the AAL Layer,
Discuss the Segmentation And Reassembly sublayer,
Explain the four categories of services,
Differentiate ATM Adaptation Layers AAL-1, AAL-2, AAL-3/4, and AAL-5.

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-2

ATM Service Categories

1 - The Four Categories

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Constant
Bit
Rate

Voice

Available
Bit
Rate

IPX

Video

Vending
Machine

Distance Learning

Super
computer
Videoconferencing

Variable
Bit
Rate

Compressed
Video

Compressed
Voice

Music
on demand

Low cost data transfer

Frame
Relay

Unspecified
Bit
Rate

E-mail

LAN/WAN
Ethernet/
Token-ring

Banking
transactions

Large file transfer

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-3

ATM Service Categories

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

2 - Main Characteristics

ATM Adaptation
Type

AAL-1

Service
Examples

Constant Bit-Rate:
Circuit Emulation
Speech
CBR Video

Timing
Relationship?

Yes

Yes

No

Bit Rate

Constant

Variable

Variable

Connection mode

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

AAL-2

AAL-3/4

AAL-5

Variable Bit-Rate
(Real-Time):
Variable Bit-Rate
(Non Real-Time)
Efficient speech
Video-conference

Connection oriented

ATM Adaptation Layer

TCP/IP
Frame Relay
LAN

Connection oriented
Connection-less

4-4

ATM Service Categories

3 - Priority

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

UBR or ABR

VBR -(RT and NRT)

CBR

In order of priority:
Constant Bit Rate
Variable Bit Rate
Available Bit Rate
Unspecified Bit Rate

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

Assured steady supply of bandwidth

Assured supply of bandwidth
(Real Time or Non Real Time)
Bandwidth to keep application running
Bandwidth as available with no assurance
ATM Adaptation Layer

4-5

ATM Adaptation Layer

1 - Principles
PDU = Protocol Data Unit
SDU = Service Data Unit

Upper
Layer
Protocol

User PDU

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

AAL-SAP
CS-PDU
Header

Convergence
Sublayer

CS-PDU Payload

CS-PDU
Trailer

Atm
Adaptation
Layer

CS-PDU
48 octets

Segmentation
And
Reassembly
sublayer

SAR-PDU
Header

SAR-PDU Payload
SAR-PDU
Header

53 octets

ATM
Cells

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

ATM
Header
November, 2000

SAR-PDU
Trailer

SAR-PDU Payload

SAR-PDU
Trailer

ATM-SAP

ATM Payload = 48 octets

ATM Adaptation Layer

ATM
Layer

4-6

ATM Adaptation Layer

2 - Generic AAL Protocol Sublayer Model
Used for AAL-2, 3/4 and 5

AAL Service Access Point

Upper Layer Protocol

AAL-SAP

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

AAL- PDU Primitives

Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer
(SSCS) May be null

SSCS
Convergence
Sublayer

SSCS- PDU
Primitives
Common Part
Convergence Sublayer
(CPCS)

AAL Common Part

(CP)

CPCS

Atm
Adaptation
Layer

CPCS- PDU
Primitives

Segmentation
And
Reassembly (SAR)
SAR- PDU Primitives

Segmentation
And
Reassembly
sublayer

ATM-SAP
ATM Service Access Point
UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

Physical Layer
4-7

AAL-1
1 - Principles

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Constant
Bit
Rate

Data Structure 1

Data Structure 2

Convergence
Sublayer

CS-PDUs
Pointer
for P format

Atm
Adaptation
Layer

Segmentation
And
Reassembly

SAR-PDUs

ATM
Layer

ATM
Cells
UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-8

AAL-1
2 - Format of the SAR-PDU

Segmentation
And
Reassembly

SAR

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Convergence
Sublayer

47 consecutive TSs = CS-SDU Payload

1 byte

47 bytes

SAR-PDU
Header

SAR-PDU Payload

Sequence
(1 bit) Count (3 bits)
CSI

CRC
(3 bits)

Even
Parity
(1 bit)

Sequence
Number
Protection

Sequence
Number
Value provided
by CS (modulo 8)

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-9

AAL-1
3 - Adaptive Clock Method

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Asynchronous received cells

AAL Buffer
Water Mark

Used with PDH transport

Bit Clock

User Buffer

Synchronous cell stream

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-10

AAL-3/4

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

1 - Characteristics

Used to transfer data more sensitive to loss than to delay: X.25,

Frame Relay, and TCP/IP
Supports connection-oriented and connectionless traffic
Supports data cell multiplexing over same VC
CPCS provides message mode and stream mode services
SSCS provides retransmission of corrupted or missing SSCS-PDUs
and flow control (if connection-oriented)

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-11

AAL-3/4
2 - Connection Oriented and Connectionless
User Data (connectionless)

User Data (connection)

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer
adds a Header and a Trailer
Common Part
Convergence Sublayer
adds a Header and a Trailer

Segmentation
And
Reassembly

ATM
Cells

BOM

5
ATM
Header

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

Header

SAR PDU
44

48

ATM Payload

November, 2000

User Data (connection)

CPCS-PDU (up to 64 Koctets)

Header

Trailer
2

Upper
Layer
Protocol

COM
2

5
ATM
Header

SAR PDU
44

Trailer
2

48

ATM Payload

ATM Adaptation Layer

Trailer

EOM
2

5
ATM
Header

SAR PDU
44

Trailer

Atm
Adaptation
Layer

Trailer
2

48

ATM Payload

ATM
Layer

4-12

AAL-3/4
3 - Format of the CPCS and SAR PDUs
1 to 65535 octets
8 bits

8 bits

16 bits

CPCS PDU

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

CPI Btag BASize

8 bits

16 bits

PAD

Etag

Lg

AL

Alignment

Buffer Allocation Size

(CPCS-PDU length)

Common
Part
Indicator

0-3 octets 8 bits

Lg = Length

Btag and Etag = Beginning and End Tag (same value in the frame)

48 octets
2 bits 4 bits

10 bits

ST SN

MID

Segment Type =

SAR PDU = 44 octets

Sequence Multiplexing

BOM beginning
Number
IDentifier
COM continuation
(modulo 16) (SAR-PDU specific)
EOM end
SSM single-segment

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

6 bits

10 bits

LI

CRC

LI = Length Indicator

(exact Length of the data area)

4-13

AAL-5
1 - Characteristics

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Simplification of AAL-3/4
SEAL = Simple and Efficient AAL Layer

Less overhead and better error protection below CPCS than AAL-3/4
Used for most connection-oriented and connectionless services
Supports VBR-NRT, UBR and ABR service categories
Main Service Specific Convergence Sublayer:
FR SSCS for Frame Relay
SSCOP for signaling (Q.SAAL)
Can be null, but CPCS is always necessary

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-14

AAL-5

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Upper
Layer
Protocol
Service Specific
Convergence Sublayer
adds a Header/Trailer

2 - SAR PDU Segmentation

User Data (connectionless)

User Data (connection)

User Data (up to 64 K octets)

Header

Common Part
Convergence Sublayer
adds a Trailer

Trailer

CPCS-PDU
payload

PAD

CPCSPDU
trailer

CPCS-PDU
SAR-PDU
payload
Segmentation
And
Reassembly

SAR-PDU
48 octets

SAR-PDU
payload
SAR-PDU

SAR-PDU
payload
SAR-PDU

SAR-PDU
payload
SAR-PDU

Header
MORE

ATM
Layer
UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

ATM-Payload

Header
LAST

ATM-Payload

Payload Type = 1
November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-15

AAL-5
3 - Format of CPCS PDU
1 to 65535 octets

Max = 4 octets

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

0-47

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

CPCS PDU

PAD

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

2 octets

4 octets

Lg

CRC
32

UU CPI

User to User indicator

(information between
CPCS and user)

Common
Part
Indicator

Lg = Length

4-16

AAL-2
1 - Characteristics

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

AAL-2: Multiple, short packet based user channels over the

same ATM connection.

AAL-2 is a multiplexed ATM Adaptation Layer for voice, data, video and
signaling

More than one type 2 information stream can be supported on a single ATM
connection (multiplexed in a single cell)

Provides for bandwidth efficient transmission of low-rate, short, and

variable length packets in delay sensitive applications (VBR-Real Time)

Best for voice over ATM and for compressed speech

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-17

AAL-2
2 - Cell Packing/Multiplexing

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

User 1
User 2
User 3

Upper
Layer
Protocol

Variable Bit-Rate

CPS Packets

Atm
Adaptation
Layer
CPS-PDUs

ATM
Cells
UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

ATM
Layer
November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-18

AAL-2
3 - Format of CPS Packet and CPS PDU
3 octets
8 bits

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

CID

1 to 45/64 octets

6 bits 5 bits 5 bits

LI

Channel LI =
IDentifier Length
Indicator

CPS Information

UUI HEC

User to User
Indicator

Header
Error
(information between
Control
CPCS and user)

48 octets
6 bits

4 bits 1 bit

OSF

SN P

0 to 44 bits

CPS PDU payload = 0, 1 or more CPS packets

PAD

OffSet Sequence Parity

Field Number

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN

November, 2000

ATM Adaptation Layer

4-19

UMT/TRD/CN/0002 01.02/EN
November, 2000
ATM Adaptation Layer
4-20

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".