Digestive System

DR. FAISAL IQBAL

Mouth and
throat
Food is chewed and travels
down the pharynx and
through the esophagus
Contains the following:

Salivary glands

Teeth

Tongue

Hard palate

Soft palate

Uvula

epiglottis

Salivary Glands

Include the parotid gland,

sublingual gland, and
submandibular gland.

Secrete saliva (mixture of water,

enzymes, and mucin)

Moistens food

Enzymes within saliva begin the

digestion of food.

Tongue

Contains intrinsic and

extrinsic muscles.

Divided into anterior 2/3 and

posterior 1/3 by Terminal
sulcus.

Contains taste buds

Vallate papilla

Fungiform

Filiform

Palate

Divided into hard and soft

palate

Hard palate is made of

bone

Soft palate is made up of

muscular fibers

Covered by a mucous
membrane

Closes off nasal passage

when food is being
swallowed

Uvula

Stops food from entering the nasal

cavity when being swallowed

Pharynx
Communication between Oral cavity and
Esophagus
Sensory and Motor nervous supply by
Pharyngeal Plexus

Esophagus

Large tube that connects pharynx to

the stomach.

Peristalsis occurs, and pushes food

down the throat.

Travels in the posterior part of

thorax, on the right side of aorta

Enters the abdomen by an opening

in diaphragm at T10 level

Arterial supply is by inferior phrenic,

branches from aorta and left gastric
artery

Naturally Constricted at 3 points

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Located above the connection

between the esophagus and
stomach at T-11.

Relaxes to let food into stomach

Keeps stomachs contents from

pushing back into the
esophagus

Acid Reflux occurs, if the

sphincter is incompetent

Difficulty in swallowing occurs if

the sphincter doesnt relax

Stomach
Muscular and expandable
Holds, digests, and removes nutrients from food
Turns food into chime.
Two ends:

Cardiac end

Pyloric end

Parts:

Pyloric Sphincter

Pyloric canal

Greater Curvature

Lesser Curvature

Fundus

Pyloric Sphincter

Forms valve in between

stomach and intestine

Controls passage of food to

small intestine

Revision
Name the Salivary glands ?

Revision

What are different Parts of stomach ?

Revision
Name the parts of the Pharynx ?

Revision
Name the types of Papilla present on the tongue ?