Senten

ce

Sentence...
a meaningful collection
of words
has two basic
constituents:
a clause
a phrase

Clause
a part of a sentence
with a subject and a
verb
For example:
He teaches.
She lives.

Phrase

a part of a sentence
without a subject and a
verb
adds meaning to the
clause
For example:
He teaches at Karachi

a clause
combines with
a phrase to
constitute a
meaningful

a sentence with
one clause is a
Simple sentence
For example:

I called you.

a sentence with
two clauses is a
Compound
sentence
For example:

I called you but

a sentence with more

than two clauses is a
Complex sentence
For example:

I called you but you were

sleeping and your mother

a compound
sentence has two
clauses that are
usually relative or
dependent.
Relative
Clauses

For example:

Dependent
Clauses

Ali is the boy who got

If a compound sentence with two

dependent clauses talks about a
future consequence dependent on a
present act, it should be formed
accordingly:
When
After

present tense /
future tense
Before

As soon as

1. When it rains, we will go on a picnic.

2. After I reach home, I will take a
shower.
3. Before I sleep, I will brush my teeth.
4. As soon as I wake up, I will call you.
5. Until you come back, I will wait here.

Conditional
Statements

if..

Conditional
Statements

Four types

Zero Conditionals
Conditional
Statements No. 1
Conditional

Zero Conditionals
Thezero conditionalis used for
scientific facts, facts of nature, or
statements that are always true.
The important thing about the zero
conditional is thatthe condition
always has the same result.
on a present act, it should be
formed accordingly:

Zero Conditionals

(Scientific Facts / Facts of

Nature)
When the sun sets, the moon
rises.
Ice melts if you heat it.
If we freeze water, it
becomes ice.
Plants die if they dont get
enough water.

Zero Conditionals
(Routines)
When I reach late, my boss gets
angry.
When a festival comes, people
wear new clothes.
If I dont sleep well, I have a
headache.
If I see a missed call, I always
call back.

Conditional
Statements No. 1
If a compound sentence with two
conditional clauses talks about a
future consequence dependent on a
present act, it should be formed
accordingly:

If

present tense / future

tense

1. If it rains, we will go on a picnic.

2. If I win a lottery, I will buy a big house.
3. If I see a fire, I will call the firefighters.
4. If I see a robbery, I will call the police.
5. If I am the governor, I will reform the
police department.

Ends here...